Abstract: Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an acute central nervous system infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Early clinical manifestations mainly include fever, headache and unconsciousness; when progressing, psychiatric symptoms can occur. Death or serious neurological sequelae will happen if not treated. With the development of laboratory tests and imaging techniques, the early diagnosis of HSE is possible. Even though imaging with temporal lobe abnormal signal has the implication to HSE, the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid is currently the "gold standard" to diagnose HSE. Once diagnosed, acyclovir must be given as soon as possible, as delayed treatment will result in a poor outcome.

Key words: Encephalitis, herpes simplex, Review

摘要： 单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎是由单纯疱疹病毒引起的急性中枢神经系统感染性疾病，早期临床主要表现为发热、头痛、意识障碍，进展时可出现精神症状，若不及时治疗，可导致患者死亡或遗留严重的神经系统后遗症。随着实验室和影像学技术的发展，单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的早期诊断越来越成为可能，其中影像学显示颞叶异常信号具有提示作用，而聚合酶链反应检测脑脊液中单纯疱疹病毒DNA 则是目前诊断的“金标准”。应尽早予以阿昔洛韦治疗，延迟治疗可导致不良预后。

关键词: 脑炎, 单纯疱疹, 综述