Abstract: Brain aging-related neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have become one of the major diseases endangering the health of old people in China. Although the mechanism of brain aging and pathogenesis of its related neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear, protein pathological studies such as tau, α-synuclein (α-Syn), TDP-43 and amyloid-β protein (Aβ) based on brain tissue bank and case registration database are opening the door to solve the mystery in the brain aging process and unlock pathogenesis of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Research on functional neuroimaging including ¹¹C-PIB PET and ¹⁸F-FDDNP PET in Alzheimer's disease and ¹⁸F-FDG PET in Parkinson's disease, and biomarkers such as total-tau, phosphorylated-tau, and the 42 amino acid fragment of β-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease now become hot topics in the field of elderly dementia and movement disorders. Clinicopathological correlation research of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy is also one of focuses in the geriatric neurological diseases.

Key words: Aging, Brain, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Pathology, Review

摘要： 与脑老化相关的主要疾病包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病及淀粉样脑血管病。随着人口老龄化趋势的进展，此类疾病已经成为危害我国老年人群健康的重大疾病之一。尽管，目前脑老化机制及相关神经疾病的发病原因尚不十分清楚，但其蛋白质变性、异常聚集的病理学研究，以及轻度认知损害、痴呆和慢性进行性运动障碍等疾病的临床前期或早期功能影像学和生物学标志研究已成为老年神经科学领域的主要焦点之一。

关键词: 衰老,  脑,  阿尔茨海默病, 帕金森病, 脑淀粉样血管病, 病理学, 综述