摘要： 随着《2021年世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类（第五版）》（以下简称“2021版分类”）的公布，开启了中枢神经系统肿瘤病理组织学和分子整合诊断的新模式。本文以“2021版分类”为基础，分别阐述脊髓星形细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、血管母细胞瘤、椎管内脊膜瘤和脊柱脊索肿瘤等临床常见脊柱脊髓肿瘤亚型的分子病理学诊断进展和治疗方式，以期实现其临床治疗与基础研究与时俱进。

关键词: 肿瘤, 脊柱, 脊髓, 分子生物学, 病理学, 综述

Abstract: With the publication of the "2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the 2021 version of tumor classification), a new model of histological and molecular integrated diagnosis of central nervous system tumors pathology has been initiated. Based on the 2021 version of tumor classification, this review focuses on the progress of molecular pathological diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord astrocytoma, spinal ependymoma, spinal cord hemangioblastoma, spinal meningioma and spinal notochordal tumors, in order to realize the advancement of the clinical treatment and the basic research of spine and spinal cord tumors with the times.

Key words: Neoplasms, Spine, Spinal cord, Molecular biology, Pathology, Review