摘要：

目的 探讨生酮饮食对海人酸点燃癫痫模型大鼠海马神经元的保护作用。方法 经海人酸制备SD 大鼠癫痫模型，分别给予生理盐水+ 正常膳食（C 组）、生理盐水+ 生酮饮食（K 组）、海人酸+ 正常膳食（E 组）和海人酸+ 生酮饮食（EK 组），连续观察21 d 后记录不同处理组大鼠体重、观察Ⅳ或Ⅴ级癫痫发作频率和持续时间，并通过HE 染色和Nissl 染色计数E 组和EK 组大鼠海马CA3 区正常锥体神经元数目。结果 C 组和K 组大鼠均无癫痫发作，且海马CA3 区锥体神经元数目正常。E 组和EK 组大鼠在观察过程中均出现Ⅳ 或Ⅴ级癫痫发作，但EK 组大鼠在饲养第21 天时与E 组相比，癫痫发作频率减少［（17.90 ± 4.12）次对（30.50 ± 4.40）次，P = 0.000］、发作持续时间缩短［（212.70 ± 17.75）s 对（335.00 ± 14.21）s，P = 0.000］，差异有统计学意义；EK 组海马CA3 区正常锥体神经元数目与E 组相比增加［（117.67 ± 7.51）个对（71.33 ± 6.11）个，P = 0.000］，差异亦有统计学意义。结论 生酮饮食对海人酸点燃癫痫模型大鼠海马神经元具有保护作用。

关键词: 癫痫, 海人酸, 膳食疗法, 酮体类, 海马, 神经元, 疾病模型, 动物

Abstract:

Objective  To investigate the protective effects of ketogenic diet on hippocampal neurons of kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic rats.  Methods  A total of 40 healthy male specific pathogen free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with each group containing 10 rats. Epileptic rat models were formed by injection of KA through lateral ventricle with brain stereotactic instrument. According to Racine classification, epileptic seizures in rats above grade Ⅳ were defined successful. Then the rats were given different dietary treatment: Group C with normal saline and normal diet, Group K with normal saline and ketogenic diet, Group E with KA and normal diet, Group EK with KA and ketogenic diet. All rats were observed for 21 d, and were recorded each body weight. The epileptic seizure frequency and duration were observed at 12:00-15:00 daily. At the 21st day, all rats were put to death, and the brain hippocampus tissues were separated. Neuron injury of rat hippocampal CA3 region in Group E and EK was observed by HE staining. Normal neuron number of rat hippocampal CA3 region in Group E and EK was counted by Nissl staining.  Results  Group C and K had no epileptic seizures, and the neuron number in hippocampal CA3 region was normal. Rats in both Group E and EK had grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ seizures. The number of seizures in Group EK [(17.90 ± 4.12) times] after 21-day ketogenic diet was decreased significantly compared to Group E [(30.50 ± 4.40) times] after 21-day normal diet (t = 6.606, P = 0.000). The seizure duration in Group EK [(212.70 ± 17.75) s] after 21-day ketogenic diet was shortened compared to Group E [(335.00 ± 14.21) s] after 21-day normal diet (t = 17.011, P = 0.000). The normal neuron number in hippocampal CA3 region in Group EK (117.67 ± 7.51) was more than those in Group E (71.33 ± 6.11), with statistically significant difference (t = 9.614, P = 0.000).  Conclusions  Ketogenic diet has protective effect on hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-induced epileptic rats.

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