摘要： 随着医学影像学诊断技术的进步，为了综合解剖结构影像（CT、MRI、B 超等）和功能影像（功能磁共振成像、扩散张量成像、正电子发射体层摄影术等）的优势，多模态影像融合技术应运而生，并且有了较大发展，使神经外科的理念有了极大转变。近年来，以影像融合为基础的功能神经导航和术中磁共振成像等技术更是给神经外科带来革命性的变化，使神经外科尤其是脑实质内病变的手术方式取得显著进步。利用多模态功能神经导航技术可以标记并在术中保护重要脑功能结构，以最大化地提高患者术后生存质量，有效延长患者术后生存时间，对改善重要脑功能区的手术疗效、减少术后并发症具有重要临床意义。

关键词: 体层摄影术, 螺旋计算机； 磁共振成像； 超声检查； 正电子发射断层显像术； 神经外科（学）； 综述

Abstract: With the advance of medical imaging, multimodality image fusion emerged to combine the advantages of anatomical imaging including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B Ultrasonography (BUS), etc. and functional imaging including functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron-emission tomography (PET), etc., and has made great progress. Accordingly, the neurosurgical concept has changed dramatically. In recent years, functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI (iMRI) based on image fusion have made revolutionary progress in neurosurgical procedures, especially for cerebral parenchymal lesions. With the help of multimodal functional neuronavigation, neurosurgeons can intraoperatively mark and protect the brain functional structure. This new technology improves the surgical effect a lot in brain functional areas, reduces postoperative complications, and maximally ensures high quality of life and long survival of patients after operation.

Key words: Tomography, spiral computed, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ultrasonography, Positron-emission tomography, Neurosurgery, Review