Basic & Clinical Medicine

Advancements in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

2007, 27(10): 1081-1087.

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Characteristics of osteoporotic fracture and clinical study

Gong-yi Huang Ou Wang

2007, 27(10): 1088-1092.

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Osteoporotic fracture is the most serious outcome of osteoporosis，the morbidity of osteoporotic fracture has been linked to age, gender and races. The characteristic of osteoporotic fracture include reduced bone quality, a delay in bone fracture union process, and a high incidence of re-fracture. The therapy of osteoporotic fracture include surgical management and osteoporosis treatment. Osteoporosis treatment can improve bone quantity and bone quality, also can decrease the rate of fracture. The rule of surgical management is simpleness, safety, and efficacy. Because of bad bone quality, internal fixation and implant are easy loss. Ideas for future research, such as development of a new implant which rigidity and elasticity be close to bone, development of a new drug which can improve bone mass and quality quickly. Regardless of surgical management for osteoporotic fracture, it is essential to stress out that pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis should also be done. In order to get good outcome of osteoporotic fracture treatment, both surgical management and osteoporosis treatment are important.

Biochemical markers of bone turnover

Xue-ying Zhou Wei-bo Xia

2007, 27(10): 1093-1100.

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The bone turnover markers were composed from the metabolic products of bone matrix and bone cells. The changes of these markers levels in serum and/or urine represents the status of bone metabolism. To measure the levels of these markers will be given important information for evaluating the diagnosis and the responses of therapALPy in metabolic bone diseases, and for predicating the risks of bone fracture. The biochemistry, measurement and clinical apALPplication will be introduced briefly in this papALPer.

Progresses in Genetic studies of osteoporosis and the thought about the related problems: the 2007 update

Mei Li Min Nie

2007, 27(10): 1101-1108.

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Great progresses were made in the genetic studies of osteoporosis during the past decade. Genetic variants of endocrine hormones, bone matrix proteins and cytokines involved in bone metabolism were closely associated with bone mineral density, bone quality, bone structure, bone turnover rate or osteoporotic fracture. We aimed to give a comprehensive review of the most important and representative molecular genetic studies in osteoporosis, and tried to think about the important problems which should be focused in osteoporosis molecular studies.

Anti-NR1 monoclonal antibody attenuates the glutamate-induced intracellular free calcium increase in rat hippocampal neurons

2007, 27(10): 1109-1112.

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Objective To study the effect of mAbN1, a monoclonal antibody against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) on Ca2+ influx after glutamate stimulation in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. Methods Excitotoxicity was induced by glutamate in cultured hippocampal neurons. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the level of cultured hippocampal neurons following pretreatment with mAbN1 and MK-801. Intracellular free calcium was imaged after loading cells with the fluorescent dye indicator fluo-3/AM. Results Our findings indicate that compared with MK-801, mAbN1 can more significantly attenuate the glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i increase, and it has no effect on [Ca2+]i in physiological condition. Conclusion mAbN1 maybe alter the secondary structure of NR, consequently influence Ca2+ influx in excitotoxicity process

Bioinformatic analysis of a novel gene C14orf44 in lympho-tissues

Bai Xiang-Yang Yan Ling-Ling Zhu Tao

2007, 27(10): 1113-1117.

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Objective To explore the differentially expressed genes between lymphoma and reactive lymph node. Methods laser capture microdissection was combined with genechip analysis. An initial bioinformatic analysis was performed on a novel gene, C14ORF44, which is highly expressed in lymph node of lymphoma. The mRNA of the tissue from lymphoma and reactive lymph node are marked with biotin respectively and hybridized with expression profile microarray, and the differential expressed genes are obtained. Initial bioinformatic analysis is performed on a novel gene named C14ORF44, which have no functional researches at present. Results With expression profile microarray, many differential expressed genes are uncovered. Bioinformatic analysis has been performed on C14ORF44. Its gene structure, genomic localization, the physical and chemical characteristics of the putative protein, subcellular localization, functional domain and so on are predicted, and the systematic evolution analysis were performed. Efficient bioinformatic analysis have fundamentally identified that C14ORF44 is a nucleus protein, which is highly conserved in many species. Conclusions bioinformatic analysis of C14ORF44 showed that it is thought to be a valuable potential tumor associated protein. The protein may be involved in the embryogenesis and tumor formation.

The regulation of p38 and MKK6 kinase on heat-induced Raw264.7 cell apoptosis

2007, 27(10): 1118-1122.

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Expression of HOXA 11 in human endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma

2007, 27(10): 1123-1126.

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Objective TO examine HOXA11, ER and PR expression in human endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Methods The immunohistochemistry were applied to analyze the level of HOXA11、ER and PR expression in the proliferative endometria.，simple hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma .Results The expression levels of HOXA11 in the endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than that of proliferative endometrium (P<0.05). Compared with proliferative endometrium, the expressions of ER and PR in the endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma were decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of HOXA11, which is associated with the decreased expression of ER and PR, and loss of down-regulated HOXA11 by progestogen, may participate in the program of abnormal proliferation or adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Localization of the disease-causing gene responsible for hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma at chromosome

2007, 27(10): 1127-1130.

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Objective To identify a locus at chromosome responsible for hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma of three Chinese pedigrees. Methods The genome scan was conducted using microsatellite markers on chromosome 12 （D12S85、D12S368、D12S83、D12S345）and 17 （D17S1868、D17S787、D17S1857、D17S798、D17S944、D17S949） respectively on the ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Two-point LOD score was calculated using the MLINK program of the LINKAGE software package, version 5.1. Results The maximum two-point LOD score 6.59 and 5.96 at q=0.1 were obtained at D17S1868 and D17S787 on chromosome 17q12-q21. It is a support evidence of linkage between this disease and KRT9 which has been mapped within the region. Conclusion There was a locus responsible for this disease on chromosome 17q12-q21.

Effects of telomerase activity on Hela cell apoptosis induced by influenza viruses

2007, 27(10): 1131-1134.

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Objective To observe the correlation between telomerase activity and apoptosis in Hela cells induced by influenza viruses. Methods Hela cells were observed in the electron microscope after they had been infected by influenza viruses type A1, B and ultraviolet exposed influenza virus respectively. Besides, Annexin V-FITC staining flow cytometry （FCM） and PCR-ELISA were used to detect cell apoptosis and telomerase activity in Hela cells respectively. Results The maximal rate of apoptotic cells induced by influenza virus type B and A1 were 38.65% and 23.94% respectively (P<0.01). The ultraviolet exposed influenza virus maybe have certain ability to induce the apoptosis in Hela cells. Furthermore, the telomerase activity in Hela cells decreased. The decrease induced by influenza virus type B was more apparently than influenza virus type A1 (P<0.01). Conclusion It is probable another important mechanism of inducing the apoptosis in tumer cells that influenza viruses can decrease its telomerase activity.

N and M1 Receptors Mediated ACh-induced Inhibition of the Electric Discharge in Pain-excited Neurons of Caudate Nucleus of Rats

2007, 27(10): 1135-1139.

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Objective To study the role of cholinergic receptors and their subtypes involved in the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the electric discharge of pain-excited neurons (PEN) in caudate nucleus of rat brain. Methods Trains of the electric impulses were applied to the left sciatic nerve as noxious stimulus ,the electric activities of PEN in caudate nucleus were recorded by extracelluar recording method with glass microelectrode after intracerebroventricular (i. c. v.) injection of ACh and muscarinic1 (M1) ,muscarinic3 (M3), muscarinic4 (M4) receptor antagonists and nAch-receptor antagonist. Results (1) I.c.v injection of ACh (20μg/10μl) showed the inhibitory effect of discharge of the PEN, resulted in the net-increased value (NIV) of frequency of induced discharge of the PEN decreased and the latency of the PEN lengthened. (2) This inhibition could be blocked by nAch-receptor antagonist (tubocurare ,0.8μg/10μl) and M1 receptor antagonist (pirenzepine,10μg/10μl). (3) This inhibition could not be blocked by M3 receptor antagonist (4-DAMP,10μg/10μl) and M4 receptor antagonist（tropicamide, 10μg/10μl）. Conclusions The results suggested that it was maybe mediated mainly by nAch-receptor and M1 receptor that ACh produced the analgesic effects in caudate nucleus of rat brain.

Observation on proliferation and collagen secretion of the transplanted human fibroblasts in nude mice

2007, 27(10): 1140-1145.

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Objective To investigate the proliferative capacity and collagen secretion of transplanted human fibroblasts. Method The solution containing human fibroblasts(2×107/ml) was prepared and 1ml was injected into the dermis of BALB/CNU nude mice. Animals were killed respectively at the end of the 1st,2nd and 3rd month after injection. The dermis in the injected area was taken out and stained with HE. Immunohistochemical staining for type I and type III collagen was performed at the same time. Results Mitosis was observed at the end of the 1st,2nd and 3rd month. The concentration of type I and type III collagen in the extra cellular matrix increased with the passing of time. Conclusion Transplanted human fibroblasts can proliferate automatically in the dermis of nude mice and manufacture the type I and type III collagen in situ. Long period of survival and secretion will make it possible for fibroblasts to become promising option to correct minimal tissue defects.

Extraction and Purification of Jo-1 Antigen

2007, 27(10): 1146-1150.

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Objective To improve a purifying method of Jo-1 antigen from rabbit thymus，which can be used for detection of anti-Jo-1 antibody by dot-blotting immunoassay (DB). Methods The rabbit thymus glands were cut into pieces, homogenized and extracted by PBS. Then the total protein was precipitated by acetone to get acetone powder (RTAP). The RTAP was solved in PBS and separated by an affinity column that was made by anti-Jo-1 IgG. Results 5~7g RTAP was obtained from 100g rabbit thymus glands. There was 19%~24% of protein in RTAP. Jo-1 antigen was enriched around 1900-folds through affinity chromatography, with 2.5% recovery of antigenic activity. In this preparation, there were several bands on SDS-PAGE, but only one band that was about 50 Ku, reacted with anti-Jo-1 antisera on immunoblotting. Dot-blotting also showed that the antigen only reacted with Jo-1 antisera, but not with any other antibodies related to rheumatic diseases. The purified Jo-1 antigen was not stable for long time, but the antigenic activity could maintain for a long time when there was MgCl2 in the solution. Conclusion Affinity chromatography was a simple and convenient method for purifying Jo-1 antigen from rabbit thymus. The antigen purified by affinity chromatography could meet the requirement for detecting Jo-1 antibody by dot-blotting. This method could be scaling up to produce Jo-1 antigen.

Comparative study on the immunogenicity of human homologous cardiac valve and great artery homograft cryopreserved with liquid nitrogen

2007, 27(10): 1151-1155.

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Objective To study the differentiation on the immunogenicity of the leaflets, arterial wall and myocardium of conduit valved homograft(CVH) cryopreserved with liquid nitrogen . Methods Mono-cell suspension of leaflets cells and arterial cells of CVH were respectively co-cultured with human lymphatic cells whose blood groups were the same with that of CVH donors. Expressive levels of CD25 and HLA-DR of these lymphatic cells were detected by flow cytometry in the different cultural duration and compared with that of lymph cells alone cultured (comparative group). Results The immunogenicity of CVH artery walls was more severe than that of CVH leaflets, and expressive level of whose CD25 and HLA-DR was higher. The immunogenicity of CVH myocardium was not studied because the myocardial cell suspension were not be acquired in this study. Condusion It is proved that in vitro experimental study that the immunogenicity of arterial walls of cryopreserved CVH is more severe than that of leaflets

Expression of recombinant TpN17 antigen and preliminary development for sero-diagnosis of syphilis

2007, 27(10): 1156-1160.

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Objective To produce recombinant TpN17 Treponema pallidum antigen with genetic engineering technique and establish simple indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting syphilis antibodies in serum. Methods The TpN17 gene was amplified from TP genome by PCR. Amplification fragments of the target genes were sequenced after T-A cloning and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector to express recombinant TpN17 protein, The recombinant fusion antigen was purified with affinity chromatography. Based on this recombinant fusion antigen, one kind of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was established. Then, the serum samples were tested by this method, and its results were compared with the same samples detected by treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay（TPHA） and toluidine red unheat serum test（TRUST）. Results TpN17 protein was highly expressed in E.coli BL21,and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was established successfully. The results from 135 suspected serum samples of syphilis showed that the positive rates detected by ELISA、TPHA and TRUST were 82.96%、98.52% and 71.11%, However,among 8 suspected sera and 31 negative sera by TRUST,39 were positive according to TPHA, only 2 were negative according to ELISA. Conclusion According to the sensitivity and specificity, ELISA to the recombinant fusion TpN17 antigen is obviously superior to TRUST.

Complications and treatment of perioperative mild hypothermia

2007, 27(10): 1160-1164.

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Mild hypothermia significantly increases perioperative complications, such as adverse myocardial outcomes, coagulopathy, infection and delayed recovery. So it is important to maintain the core temperature above 36℃. Redistribution is the major cause of hypothermia during the first hour of intravertebral or general anesthesia. There are many methods to protect patients from hypothermia including passive insulation and active warming. Forced-air and electric heating pad are currently the most effective noninvasive choices. The contribution of intravenous fluids heating to patients' temperature is limited but it should be performed when large volumes are required.

Certification of the linear range of WBC measured by CD3700 and Application in ISO15189

2007, 27(10): 1165-1167.

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Objective To certify the linear range of WBC measured by CD3700. Method Use the white stratum of blood after centrifugation as high value specimen. Then, the high value specimens were diluted with physiological saline to get a series of samples with different concentrations. Every specimen was measured twice in order to keep the sequence of specimens randomly. The perform outlier test, polynomial regression analysis, and the random error estimation were carried out. Results There was no outlier in the results. It was demonstrated by polynomial regression to be linear from （0 ~ 219）×109 L-1. The random error was within the allowable limit of 1/4CLIA'88(3.75%). Conclusion The linear range of WBC measured by CD3700 is just like that of the manufacturer claims.

Up-expression of TGF-β1、bFGF in lens epithelial cells of congenital cataract

2007, 27(10): 1168-1169.

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Parecoxib reduces renal fibrosis after obstruction in rat

2007, 27(10): 1170-1171.

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To study the effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor Parecoxib (Par) on progression of renal lesion and fibrosis in rats after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods: Experimental rats were divided into three groups: UUO group, Par group, and control group. Renal lesion and fibrosis, quantity of blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, and expression level of TGF-β1 and COX-2 in renal tissue were determined two weeks after the operation. Results: Two weeks after UUO, apparent renal lesion and fibrosis, raised level of blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, as well as upregulated expression of TGF-β1 and COX-2 were observed in both UUO and Par group, with significant differences from control group. There were also significant differences between group UUO and group Par in renal lesion and fibrosis, in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen level, and in TGF-β1 and COX-2 expression. Conclusions: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor Parecoxib could reduce renal lesion and fibrosis on experimental UUO nephropathy.

Puerarin inhibition of L-type calcium channel in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats

2007, 27(10): 1172-1174.

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Up-expression of C-MYC in gastric carcinoma of Epstein-Barr Virus infection

2007, 27(10): 1175-1176.

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Focal Adhesion Kinase and Cancer

2007, 27(10): 1177-1180.

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Focal adhesion kinase(FAK), the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been implicated in regulating a number of fundamental biological signal transudation pathways that control cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, motility. Many researches had reported that FAK highly expresses in many cancers and involves in the developing of the cancer, such as initial, progress, metastasis, multi-drug resistance of cancer. FAK has been the hotpot in cancer research, and it will be a new target in cancer therapy.

microRNA and Human malignant Tumors

Bao Song

2007, 27(10): 1181-1184.

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m microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 18~26nt small non-coding single strand RNA molecules, which negatively regulate the expression of a variety of genes at post-transcriptional level by binding to complementary sites on target mRNA. mutation，deletion or high expression of miRNA was found to correlate with various human cancers. miRNAs involved in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis processes as function as oncogenes or tumor supressors It is predictable that microRNA might be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

Analysis of the Student Enrollment by Nursing School of PUMC from 2003 to 2006

Ting-fang Pan

2007, 27(10): 1185-1187.

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This is a review of student enrollment by Nursing School of PUMC from 2003 to 2006. The paper covers the introduction of national policy for student enrollment, analysis of PUMC student background and challenge in the processing of student admission. The information supports the reformation of enrollment in terms of matriculation including objective and constructed interviewing approach.

Discrimination and explanation of statistical errors in the analysis of the linear correlation and regression

Liang-ping Hu

2007, 27(10): 1188-1190.

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In this paper,a great many examples of misusing the analysis of the linear correlation and regression are unveiled. Obviously,it is extremely important for people to apply the linear correlation and regression correctly after understanding and mastering the basic concept and approach in this field. It is necessary for a great of practical workers to learn the knowledge on how to perform the analysis of the linear correlation and regression rationally, for many people lack this kind of konowledge and the actual textbooks in statistics are of shortage in this aspect.

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