Abstract: Objective To explore the treatment effects and mechanisms of Hyper-IL-6 mediated by recombinant adenovirus on rat with acute liver failure(ALF).Methods The eighty ALF rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, normal saline was injected for non-infection group ；Ad0,AdIL-6 and AdHIL-6 was respectively injected for group Ad0,group AdIL-6,group AdHIL-6.Subsequently to determine the index of hepatic function,the liver pathology,the hepatocelluar apoptosis in situ,the expression of PCNA and caspase-3 in liver tissue,and to observe the survival rate of rats for 14 days.Results The contents of serum ALT and TB,and apoptotic index in rats of group AdHIL-6 were markedly decreased than that of the other groups,inversely the significant expression of PCNA(P＜0.01).The liver pathological change was mild,and owned higher survival rate at the end of 14 days in group AdHIL-6;Conclusion It was significant that the potency of Hyper-IL-6 enhancing hepatocelluar proliferation and defending hepatocyte apoptosis on the rats with ALF. It can effectively ameliorate liver function and histology,and improve the survival of rats with ALF.