Abstract: Objective To improve the understanding of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) complicated with peripheral arterial embolism through analyzing the clinical features and therapeutic effect. Methods Among 176 inpatients with peripheral arterial embolism in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2012 to October 2021, 13 patients complicated with HES were involved according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were diagnosed with peripheral arterial embolism by imaging examination. After gender and age matching, 39 HES patients who were hospitalized in the same period but without peripheral arterial embolism were selected as the control with the ratio of 1∶3. Clinical features, therapy response and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results Eleven of the 13 patients were male. The main involved arteries included popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis artery, ulnar artery and radial artery. The proportion of peripheral nerve involvement in case group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05); and the proportion of gastrointestinal involvement(P＜0.05) and eosinophil level (P＜0.05) were significantly lower than that of control group. There were 92.3%, 61.5% and 76.9% of the patients in case group received anticoagulant therapy, antiplatelet therapy and immunosuppressive therapy respectively, the percentages were significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.01). According to eosinophil counts before and after therapy, 84.6% and 56.5% of the patients in the case and control groups achieved complete remission and the partial remission rates were 15.4% and 25.6% respectively. Conclusions Patients with hypereosinophilia syndrome and peripheral arterial embolism commonly experience involvement of the peripheral nerves and skin. Vascular embolism is mainly caused by arterial embolization of the extremities. After treatment with hormones, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet therapy, this group of patients has a good prognosis.

Key words: hypereosinophilic syndrome, arterial embolism, peripheral nerve system, anticoagulant therapy