Abstract: Objective To determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) among patients with endometrial cancer and to find out risk factors for PPC in endometrial cancer. Methods Data were extracted from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Only those patients who had undergone a staging procedure were included. A total of 486 patients were identified. Statistical analyses used Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan–Meier log rank, and Cox proportional hazards models. Results Rate of PPC was 4.8% in endometrial cancer. Non-endometrioid endometrial cancer（P=0.000）, stage III/IV（P=0.000）, deep myometrial invasion（P=0.001）, and cervical stromal involvement（P=0.018） appeared to be risk factors for PPC in endometrial cancer. Univariate analysis revealed statistically difference in 5yr-PFS (70.9% vs 90.0%) and 5yr-OS (72.2% vs 96.0%). Progression-free survival and overall survival showed statistically difference (P=0.005，P =0.000) between PPC and NPC endometrial cancer. On multivariate analysis, PPC remained no statistically difference in progression-free survival or overall survival（RR=3.812，95%CI 0.897-16.200，P=0.070；RR=3.426，95%CI 0.800-14.673，P=0.097）. Conclusion PPC is not an independent risk factor in patients with endometrial cancer. Aggressive histology, FIGO stage, deep myometrial invasion, and cervical stromal involvement, are presumed to be associated with PPC in endometrial cancer.

Key words: Endometrial cancer, Peritoneal cytology, Prognosis