Abstract: Recently, a new group of molecules, microRNAs, has been discovered to be aberrantly expressed in HCC and some of them are functionally involved in HCC carcinogenesis and progression. Certain microRNAs are associated with HCC subtypes, implying that microRNAs have a potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC; some of these HCC-associated microRNAs have been validated in independent cohorts, providing a molecular marker for early screening for clinical and risk assessment, but also providing a molecular basis for individual treatment of HCC.