Abstract: Neural system diseases are the significant diseases, which threatened the life quality of human being. The investigation of stem cells especially the adult stem cells improved the related basic and clinical research of biological therapy and show a prpspective future. The transplantation of adult stem cells maybe an effective method to treat neural system diseases. So the collaboration between the basic research and clinical research should be strenthened in order to serve the patients clinically. Translational medicine can bridge and link the basic medicine and clinical medicine, which is a valuable field.