Abstract: Objective To find out the difference expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase in hippocampi and olfactory bulb of model rats of Alzheimer's disease , consequently to find out the relationship between olfactory and Alzheimer's disease. Methods Adult rats, the expression of GFAP and NSE in hippocampi and olfactory bulb was measured by using immuhistochemical after a single intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid peptide , and change of this two protein in olfactory .Result comparing the hippocampi and olfactory between model and control team, the expression of GFAP in model team increasing evidently, the expression of NSE descending however. Conclusion there is observably difference in olfactory system between model and control group in Alzheimer's disease rats.

Key words: model rats of Alzheimer’s disease Rats, Olfactory bulb, hippocampi, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase.