Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a kind of complex progressive inflammation. The exposure to atherogenic risk factors, particularly OxLDL , induces the activity of BKCa in endothelial cell, monocyte/macrophage(MФ) , vascular smooth muscle cell, platelet and orher cells to activate, which precipitates dysfunction of the cells and therefore contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. This article briefly reviews the reseach progress in BKca participating in the development of atherosclerosis.