Abstract: Objective To establish the nude mouse model for in vivo research on endometriosis. We study the mechanism and effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody treatment on the growth of established endometriotic-like lesions in the nude mouse model. Methods A model in which human endometrium is implanted into nude mice was used to test the effect of anti-VEGF antibody. The models were seperated into control groups and experimental groups (using anti-VEGF antibody). The TUNEL, PCNA and MVD were used to evaluate the effects of apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. Results The explants in the control groups develop a rich blood supply that enables them to survive and grow than those in the experimental groups. The apoptosis level of experimental groups(non-endometriosis 5.83±1.03；endometriosis 6.06±0.77) were significantly higher than those of the control groups(non-endometriosis 4.80±0.77；endometriosis 4.74±0.86)，p<0.05. The proliferation level was no difference in these groups. The MVD in the control groups (human non-endometriosis 12.80±4.60, endometriosis 13.15±5.66; mouse non-endometriosis 29.7±19.6, endometriosis 34.6±16.3) were higher than those in the experimental groups (human non-endometriosis 7.17±2.25; endometriosis 7.32±1.30; mouse non-endometriosis 11.2±6.2; endometriosis 15.6±6.8). The anti-VEGF antibody was used as accelerating apoptosis of the endometrial cells and vascular endothelium cells and no use for the proliferation. Conclusion In summary, anti-VEGF antibody effectively interfered with the maintenance and growth of endometriotic-like lesions by disrupting the vascular supply. This suggests that the anti-VEGF antibody may be provided a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of endometriosis.