Abstract: The neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate into the injured areaand differentiate into neurons or oligodendrocytes. Endogenous neurogenesis could potentially be harnessed as a putative therapyfor neural injury. But the complexmicro-environment due to TBI will be one of the biggest challenges for endogenous NSCs to performneural regenerations.Exogenous NSCs have been shown to be able to survive in host tissues and regulate microenvironment via paracrine effects. Thus, transplantation of NSCs to assist neural regeneration has become an attractive option. Recently,rapid advances in the stem cell biology have raised appealing possibilities of replacing damaged or lost neural cells by transplantation of in vitro-expanded stem cells and/or their neuronal progeny.

Key words: traumatic brain injury(TBI), Neural stem cells(NSCs), Transplantation, Neural regeneration, Growth factor