Abstract: Objective OCTA analysis was employed to assess the alterations in retinal microcirculation following vitrectomy in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods The clinical data of 60 eyes from 60 diabetic retinopathy patients who accepted vitrectomy from Mar.2022 to May.2024 in Daqing Oilfield General Hospital were analyzed prospectively.The preoperative and postoperative outcomes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) were compared at baseline, as well as at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following surgery. Results There was statistically significant differences in IOP between preoperative and postoperative 1 day and 1 week (P＜0.01). There were significant differences in BCVA and CMT observed prior to surgery, as well as at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery (P＜0.01). FAZ and RPC exhibited significant differences prior to surgery, as well as at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively(P＜0.01).The SVD, DVD, and RNFL exhibited significant differences prior to surgery and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively(P＜0.01). Conclusions Vitrectomy can substantially enhance the visual acuity of patients with DR, and this improvement tends to stabilize approximately one month post-surgery, potentially correlating with the stability of central macular thickness(CMT)observed in patients at that time. The procedure can significantly decrease intraocular pressure in patients, and FAZ along with the radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC)in the macular region exhibited earlier improvement postoperatively.

Key words: diabetic retinopathy, vitrectomy, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), vessel density of superficial capillary plexus, central macular thickness