Abstract: 【Abstract】0bjective to investigate the effect of curcumin preconditioning on expression of myocardial apoptosis-related factor in acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in rats. Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into acute myocardial ischemia injury rats group, sham-operation group and curcumin-treated AMI group. Detected myocardial apoptosis with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique of all rats．Then infered their apoptosis index．We detected myocardial apoptosis-related factor with RT-PCR technique of all rats and investigated their relations．Results Compared with acute myocardial ischemia injury rats group，their mRNA levels of bcl-2 in curcumin-treated AMI group increased markedly, the myocardial apoptosis index related positively with their mRNA levels of bcl-2; their mRNA levels of caspase-3 in curcumin-treated AMI group decreased signaficantly, the myocardial apoptosis index related negtively with their mRNA levels of caspase-3. Conclusions Curcumin have obviously protective effects on myocardial infarction in the myocar- dial ischemia rats．The mechanism possible related with regulation apoptosis-related factor.