小胶质细胞引起和促进阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

基础医学与临床 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 277-281.

小胶质细胞引起和促进阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

王紫涵^1#, 罗金定^1#, 田英入², 奉水东^3*, 凌宏艳^1*

南华大学 1.衡阳医学院生理学教研室; 2.衡阳医学院 2017级临床21班;
3.公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理学教研室, 湖南衡阳 421001

收稿日期:2020-01-17 修回日期:2020-04-29 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-01-19
通讯作者: ^*linghongyan0203@126.com; shuidong_f@hotmail.com
作者简介:^#对本文有相同贡献
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金(2018JJ2347);南华大学大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(2018XJXZ16)

Research progress of microglia causing and promoting Alzheimer's disease

WANG Zi-han^1#, LUO Jin-ding^1#, TIAN Ying-ru², FENG Shui-dong^3*, LING Hong-yan^1*

1. Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College; 2. Clinical Class 21, Grade 2017, Hengyang Medical College;
3. Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Public Health College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

Received:2020-01-17 Revised:2020-04-29 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-01-19
Contact: ^*linghongyan0203@126.com; shuidong_f@hotmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小胶质细胞是神经系统免疫细胞,具有双重特性,既可以通过免疫反应增强吞噬能力、释放抗炎因子维持脑组织的稳态和保护神经元,又可以增加炎性反应、降低有害蛋白清除能力损伤神经元。受衰老的影响,在基因表达方面,小胶质细胞CD33表达增加而髓系细胞触发受体2(TREM2)表达减少;在活化表型方面,衰老环境下的小胶质细胞更倾向活化为促炎表型,从而促进阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生与进展。本文从小胶质细胞的基因表达、促炎表型和免疫调控3方面阐述小胶质细胞诱发和促进AD的途径及机制,以期通过小胶质细胞为AD治疗提供新的方向。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 小胶质细胞, 神经炎性反应, 免疫调控

Abstract: Microglia is a kind of immune cell in nervous system and has dual regulatory function. It not only streng then phagocytosis, release anti-inflammatory factors to maintain the homeostasis of brain tissues and protect neurons, but also increase the inflammatory response and reduce the scavenging ability of harmful proteins to damage neurons. Under the influence of aging, the expression of CD33 in microglia increased while the expression of TREM2 decreased. In terms of activated phenotype, microglia in the aged population are more inclined to be activated into a pro-inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting the occurrence and progression of AD. In this paper, the mechanisms of microglia inducing and promoting AD were reviewed from the aspects of microglia gene expression, proinflammatory phenotype and immune regulation, in order to provide new strategy for the treatment of AD through microglia.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, microglia, neuroinflammation, immunoregulation

中图分类号:

王紫涵, 罗金定, 田英入, 奉水东, 凌宏艳. 小胶质细胞引起和促进阿尔茨海默病的研究进展[J]. 基础医学与临床, 2021, 41(2): 277-281.

WANG Zi-han, LUO Jin-ding, TIAN Ying-ru, FENG Shui-dong, LING Hong-yan. Research progress of microglia causing and promoting Alzheimer's disease[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2021, 41(2): 277-281.

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