Abstract: Haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, can be found in plasma of human-being and other mammals. It plays important role in anti-infection, reparation of injured tissue, homeostasis. Different from other mammals, human-being have three different HP genotypes, HP1-1,HP2-2,HP2-1.Many studies have show that HP gene had been established as the susceptibility gene of diabetic cardiovascular disease. The review will introduce the structure and physiologic function of HP, summarize the basic and clinical researches about relationship between the HP genotype and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases especially the cardiovascular complication of diabetic patients, prospect the prevention of cardiovascular complication of HP2-2 diabetic mellitus individual.