摘要： 目的 建立人体C_1~3 运动节段有限元模型，对C_1~3 运动节段进行生物力学有限元测试，模拟在牵张、压缩、过伸和过屈暴力时_1~3 运动节段生物力学特征。方法 采集健康成人C_1~3 运动节段CT影像学资料，Mimics 10.01医学图像处理软件和Geomagic 10.0逆向工程软件分别建立C_1~3运动节段椎骨和椎间盘，Ansys 软件附加颈椎相关材料属性，建立C_1~3 运动节段有限元模型，模拟C_1~3 在牵张、压缩、过伸和过屈暴力时的生物力学特性。结果 在纵向牵张载荷作用下，寰椎前弓、寰枢关节及C3椎板棘突部分所受应力较为集中；在纵向压缩载荷作用下，颈椎上段应力最大部位为寰椎前弓；在过伸力矩作用下，寰椎侧块、侧块与后弓交界部位、寰椎后弓结节、枢椎上关节面及枢椎峡部所受应力较大；在过屈力矩作用下，枢椎齿状突、寰椎后弓、寰椎后弓结节、枢椎峡部及枢椎下关节突为应力相对集中部位。结论 对颈椎上段C_1~3进行生物力学有限元测试，可以预测颈椎上段运动节段损伤的生物力学机制。

关键词: 颈椎, 颈部损伤, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 应力（非MeSH 词）

Abstract: Objective  To develop the finite element model (FEM) of cervical spinal _C1-3 motion segment, and to make biomechanical finite element analysis (FEA) on C_1-3 motion segment and thus simulate the biomechanical characteristics of C_1-3 motion segment in distraction violence, compression violence, hyperextension violence and hyperflexion violence.  Methods  According to CT radiological data of a healthy adult, the vertebrae and intervertebral discs of cervical spinal C_1-3 motion segment were respectively reconstructed by Mimics 10.01 software and Geomagic 10.0 software. The FEM of C_1-3 motion segment was reconstructed by attaching the corresponding material properties of cervical spine in Ansys software. The biomechanical characteristics of cervical spinal C_1-3 motion segment model were simulated under the 4 loadings of distraction violence, compression violence, hyperextension violence and hyperflexion violence by finite element method.  Results  In the loading of longitudinal stretch, the stress was relatively concentrated in the anterior arch of atlas, atlantoaxial joint and C₃ lamina and spinous process. In the longitudinal compressive loads, the maximum stress of the upper cervical spine was located in the anterior arch of atlas. In the loading of hyperextension moment, the stress was larger in the massa lateralis atlantis, the lateral and posterior arch junction of atlas, the posterior arch nodules of the atlas, superior articular surface of axis and C₂ isthmus. In the loading of hyperflexion moment, the stress was relatively concentrated in the odontoid process of axis, the posterior arch of atlas, the posterior arch nodules of atlas, C₂ isthmic and C₂ inferior articular process.  Conclusion  Finite element biomechanical testing of C_1-3 motion segment can predict the biomechanical mechanism of upper cervical spine injury.

Key words: Cervical vertebrae, Neck injuries, Biomechanics, Finite element analysis, Stress (not in MeSH)