Abstract: Cancer molecular epidemiology refers to the study of distribution and causes of tumor markers in high-risk populations and cancer patients in epidemiologic study designs. Cancer molecular epidemiology tries to open up the "black box" and elucidate the nature of cancer through the measurement and evaluation of exposure and response to the carcinogen and individual genetic susceptibility, involving the fields of etiology, preventive medicine and clinical medicine. We need rigorously strengthen the design and implementation of cancer molecular epidemiology, and the research and application of TM should enhance the principles of quality, evidence and ethics. With the utility of new subject tools such as proteomics, cancer molecular epidemiology which combines the advantages of multi-subjects is now changing quickly