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Table of Content

    25 July 2007, Volume 27 Issue 7
    专题综述
    Epidemiology department genetic susceptibility study on hepatitis B
    2007, 27(7):  721-728. 
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    Hepatitis B virus infection can result in different clinical outcomes which consist of self-limited infection(virus clearance), inactive carrier status, chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. The mechanism led to individual discrepancy for outcome of hepatitis B virus infection is unknown at present. It is suspected that the outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection might be associated with the inherent factors of host. It is summarized that the results of association studies between genetic polymorphisms of HLA-I, II class, TNF-α and VDR and different clinical outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in recent years in this review.
    Cancer molecular epidemiology and tumor markers
    LI Wen-Qing
    2007, 27(7):  729-738. 
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    Cancer molecular epidemiology refers to the study of distribution and causes of tumor markers in high-risk populations and cancer patients in epidemiologic study designs. Cancer molecular epidemiology tries to open up the "black box" and elucidate the nature of cancer through the measurement and evaluation of exposure and response to the carcinogen and individual genetic susceptibility, involving the fields of etiology, preventive medicine and clinical medicine. We need rigorously strengthen the design and implementation of cancer molecular epidemiology, and the research and application of TM should enhance the principles of quality, evidence and ethics. With the utility of new subject tools such as proteomics, cancer molecular epidemiology which combines the advantages of multi-subjects is now changing quickly
    Recent progress on the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and Alzheimer disease
    2007, 27(7):  739-744. 
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    The Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)gene plays important roles in the research of the Alzheimer disease (AD). It has been clear that apoE gene is closely related with dementia in the elderly. In recent years, extensive researches regarding the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and AD has been conducted in general population as well as patients with AD using molecular biology technique. The writer reviewed the progress on this field hoping to provide some fundamental information for the related research in AD.
    研究论文
    Genetic polymorphisms of six STR loci in Maonan ethnic group in Guangxi province
    2007, 27(7):  745-748. 
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    Objective to investigate the distribution of six short tandem repeats (STR) loci in Maonan Ethnic group in Guangxi province and studied genetic relationship between 6 minorities. Methods 200 unrealated individulas were analyed by using STR genescanning marked by fluorescence. genetic distance were computed and phylogenetic tree was construted for studying genetic relationship between 6 Ethnic groups. Results The average heterozygosity(H) in the six STR loci was 0.7825; the average polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.7324;the accumulative discrimination power(DP) was 0.99999951,and the accumulative probability of paternity exclusion(EP) was0.994575.All 6 populations were clustered into 2 group. Olunchun, Dongxiang, Seba became one group,and Yao in Jinxiu ,Miao in Rongshui ,Mulao in Luocheng, Maonan were clustered into another group.Conclusions Allele 16 in D3S1358, allele 11 in D5S818, allele 11 in D7S820 ,8 in D13S317,14 in vWA ,22 in FGA was probably the most primitive allele in repective locus. The datas obtained posses highly Genetic Polymorphisms.Genetic relation between Maonan and Mulao were closer.
    Effect of microwave ablation on immunocyte and cytokine production in Hepatocellular Carcinoma mice
    2007, 27(7):  749-752. 
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    Objective To investigate the effect of microwave ablation(MA) of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which influences the proportion of immunocytes and cytokine-secreting of the tumor- bearing mice. Methods A HCC model of C57BL/6J mouse was established by subtaneous inoculation of syngeneic Hepa1-6 cells,the tumors were treated with MA or resection,before and after the treatments, the proportion(%)of CD4+,CD8+,NK1.1+cell of peripheral blood,and the concentration(ng/L) of IL-2, IL-10,IL-12 and IFN-γof plasma of the hosts were determined with flow cytometry and ELISA,respectively. Results Compared with group normal,in group 2 ~ 3 weeks tumor- bearing, the proportion of the immunocytes detected,and the concentration of the examined cytokoines were not markedly altered.For comparison of group MA with that tumor-bearer ,CD4+ ,CD8+cells and IL-2、IL-10 of the former were not obviously different from that of the latter , NK1.1+ cell, IL-12 and IFN-γ of the former markedly higher than that of the latter (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01,respectively,n = 6).Compared with the group tumor-bearing, the immuocytes and cytokines of the group resection were not significantly changed . The NK1.1+cells and IL-12 of group MA were markedly higher than that of group resection(P <0.01 and P <0.05,respectively,n = 6 ),but there was no obvious difference for other immune cells and cytikines in the two groups. Conclusion The MA of the mouse HCC may induce Th2/Th1 deviation and markedly enhance the proportion of NK cells of the tumor-bearer.
    Influence of dermal analog composed with MSCs upon the differentiation potency of ES cell-derived epidermal stem cells
    2007, 27(7):  753-757. 
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    Objective To explore the differentiation potency of ES cell-derived epidermal stem cells compounded by dermal analogs reconstructed with bone MSCs in hypodermis. Methods The dermal analogs were reconstructed with rat bone MSCs and compound gel-gelatin sponge. E14-ES cells, labeled with Hoechst 33342, were cocultured with human amnion. Four days later, epidermal stem cell clones were formed. The skin analogs, reconstructed with ES cell-derived epidermal stem cells and dermal analogs, were transplanted into 129 mice hypodermis. The differentiation tissue of skin analogs was sampled at 2w, 4w, 6w, 8w. The sections were observed with HE staining, immunohistochemical and di-labeled immunofluorescence methods to test the expression of β1 integrin, CK15, CK19, CEA, CK18. Results The sections were showed tubular or follicular like structures formed with simple or stratified epithelium at 2 and 4 weeks. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, sweat glands-like, sebaceous glands-like and hair follicles-like structures were observed at 6 week and 8 week after transplantation. The cells labeled by Hoechst 33342, formed tubular or follicular like structures, expressedβ1 integrin, CK15, CK19, CEA and CK18 positive respectively at 2w and 4w. The sweat glands-like structure expressed CEA and CK18 positive respectively at 6w and 8w. There were more sebaceous glands-like structures. Conclusion ES cell-derived epidermal stem cells compounded by dermal analogs reconstructed with bone MSCs can differentiate into keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, sweat glands-like, sebaceous glands-like and hair follicles-like structures in hypodermis.
    Involvement of COX-2 in antagonism to heme oxygenase-1 on cardioprotection from anoxia/reoxygenation induced injury in rats
    2007, 27(7):  758-762. 
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    Objective To investigate the role of HO-1 in protection rat hearts from anoxia/reoxygenation induced injury and its underlying mechanism. Methods LVEDP, LVDP and ±dP/dtmax were analyzed by the Langendorff method in isolated rat hearts. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), infarct area, COHb and 6-keto-PGF1α were further determined in the experiment. Results After intraperitoneal injection of HO-1 inducer hemin, CO concentration in rat blood enhanced (P<0.01 vs control group). Pretreatment of hemin prevented the increase in LVEDP and decrease in LVDP, ±dp/dtmax during the anoxia and reoxygenation period in hearts. Hemin had no effect on changes of coronary flow, but it really inhibited the release of LDH from anoxia/reoxygenation hearts. Hemin also reduced the infarct area in anoxia heart after 2h reoxygenation (P<0.01). CO concentration in rat blood reduced after intraperitoneal injection of HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP (P<0.01 vs control group). ZnPP aggravated the decrease in LVDP and ±dp/dtmax. Compared with anoxia/reoxygenation heart, pretreatment of ZnPP enhanced the LDH release and enlarged the infarct area (P<0.05). cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib partly abolished the protection effect of hemin on LVEDP, LVDP and ±dp/dtmax. Pretreatment of celecoxib could also cancel the inhibition of LDH release and reduction of infarct area caused by hemin (P<0.05). Conclusions The results shown that HO-1 inducer hemin could protect heart from anoxia/reoxygenation induced injury. The activation of COX-2 might be also involved in the cardiac protection of HO/CO.
    Urotensin II Promots the Proliferation of Pheochromocytoma cells
    2007, 27(7):  763-766. 
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    Objective To investigate the effects of Urotensin II(UII)on the proliferation of rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and human pheochromocytoma cells primary cultured .Methods We observed the effects of UII on the proliferation of rat PC12 cells and human pheochromocytoma cells primary cultured in vitro by MTT method. Results 1. UII had no obvious effect on the proliferation of rat PC12 cells.2. UII (at 10-7 and 10-6M) promote the proliferation of human pheochromocytoma cells in the primary culture. Conclusions UII stimulates the proliferation of human pheochromocytoma cells and it probably play a role in the pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma.
    Relationship of hypercholesterolemia and vascular endothelium function in rabbits
    2007, 27(7):  767-771. 
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    Objecttive To study the expression of nitricoxide (NO) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the animal modes of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis(AS) in order to investigate the relationship of hypercholesterolemia and AS and vascular endothelium function and ICAM-1. Methods The high-cholesterol diet fed rabbits to establish the models of hypercholesterolemia and AS, and the control group was normal diet; Blood was collected from vein in 0, 8 and 16 weeks in two groups, and the concentrations of TC, LDL, NO and ICAM-1 were measured; The correlation of TC, LDL and NO, ICAM-1 was observed; After 16 weeks, the rabbits were put to death, and immunohistochemistry analysis and RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of ICAM-1 in the aortas. Results TC and LDL in 8 weeks were higher in the high-cholestrol diet group, but NO and ICAM-1 had no change; NO decreased and ICAM-1 increased in 16 weeks (P<0.01); TC and LDL were negatively correlated with NO and positively correlated with ICAM-1; The expression of ICAM-1 in the high-cholesterol diet group was higher than control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Hypercholesterolemia and AS lead to vascular endothelium disorder and abnormal expression of NO and ICAM-1; NO and ICAM-1 involve the information of AS.
    Inhibition of Endostatin on the growth of ovarian cancer cell SKOV3
    2007, 27(7):  772-775. 
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    Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of endostatin on ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and to investigate the possible mechanism of the inhibition. Methods: 1.The effect of endostatin on SKOV3 cell proliferation was studied by means of MTT. 2.The cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by transmission electron microscopy and cell flow cytometric assay. 3.Then bcl-2 and bax expressions were measured in SKOV3 cells treated by endostatin by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot method. Results: Endostatin inhibited SKOV3 cell proliferation (p<0.01) and induced cell apoptosis, whereas bcl-2 and bax expression were not changed obviously in SKOV3 cell treated by endostatin. Conclusions: Endostatin might have its antitumor effects on ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 and that at least in part. One of the important mechanisms of Endostatin action on the potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activities may involve inducing apoptosis.
    Effect of stem cell factor antisense oligonucleotide on the interaction of fibroblast and mice mast cells
    2007, 27(7):  776-780. 
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    Objective To reveal the role of stem cell factor(SCF)- mediating fibroblasts and mast cells interaction in pathophysiology process of asthma. Methods We transfected NIH3T3 cells with SCF antisense oligonucleotide(SCF ASON) and detected SCF expression by immunochemistry and RT-PCR. Then, we separated mast cells from mice bone marrow and established NIH3T3 and mast cells cocultures. After 10μg/mL SCF ASON intervention, histamine and eotaxin levels in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA and fluorometry. Growth curves of fibroblasts and mast cells were drawn. We also observed mast cells apoptosis by AO stain and flow cytometric analysis. Results SCF ASON strikingly down-regulated SCF protein and mRNA level of NIH3T3 cells. SCF ASON intervention can inhibit the growth of NIH3T3,and induce mast cell apoptosis in cocultures(14.0%±0.81% at 96 hour). Both histamine(3.08±0.38ng/ml vs 3.83±0.41ng/ml, P<0.05)and eotaxin ( 4.398±0.333 vs 5.785±0.395ng/ml, P<0.05 )decreased significantly. Conclusions SCF may take part in the pathophysiology process of asthma, probably by inhibiting apoptosis of mast cells, contributing to mast cells activation and fibroblast proliferation.
    Negtive correlation between mast cell area ratio the atypical degree of neoplasm from uterine smooth muscles
    2007, 27(7):  785-788. 
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    Objective: To investigate the effect of infiltrated mast cells on the biological characteristics of uterine tumors. Methods: Twelve leiomyomas, ten uncertain malignant uterine leiomyomas, and seven uterine leiomyosarcomas had been studied with light microscopy for the morphometry about their histological feature, mast cell particle and factor Ⅷ-related antigen (FⅧRAg); Cell apoptosis had been measured by flow cytometry. The correlative analysis had been carried out between the mast cell and others factors. Results: Comparing with smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (4209.9±273.0), the count of tumor cell was the highest in leiomyosarcoma (3557.6±346.3, P<0.01), lowest in leiomyoma (5182.3±245.6, P<0.01). The ratio of mast cell's particles to whole tissue was the smallest in leiomyosarcoma (1.81±0.13%, P<0.01), largest in leiomyoma (4.51%±0.63%, P<0.01) vs smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (3.41%±0.16%). Positive FⅧRAg of endothelia was the most scant in leiomyo- sarcoma (668.98±180.87μm2, P<0.01), the most abundant in leiomyoma (164.50±57.33 μm2, P<0.01) vs smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (231.93 ± 65.37 μm2). The apoptosis ratio in leiomyosarcoma was the highest (15.38%±0.58%, P<0.01), the lowest in leiomyoma (3.31%±0.26%, P<0.01) vs smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (8.36%±0.52%). Negative correlation had been confirmed between the ratio of mast cell's particles to whole tissue and the cell count, the ratio of particles in mast cells, or the apoptotic ratio in all uterine tumors. Conclusions: It suggested that there is a negtive correlation between the remained area ratio of mast cell and the atypical degree of neoplasm from uterine smooth muscles.
    Significance of E-cadherin/catenin Adhesion Complex Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Qiang WEI
    2007, 27(7):  789-792. 
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    Objective To elucidate the expression pattern of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex and its association with clinicopathologic features in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Fifty-two non-keratinizing NPC specimens with adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa were examined immunohistochemically for E-cadherin ,β-catenin,α-catenin.Results Abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin ,β-catenin and α-catenin in NPCs were 48.1%(25/52),32.7%(17/52) and 34.6%(18/52), respectively,whereas all adjacent non-neoplastic tissues normally expressed these three proteins.Difference of expression of E-cadherin ,β-catenin and α-catenin between tumor tissues and non-cancerous tissues was statistically significant( P<0.01) . There were possitive correlations between the expression of E-cad and α-cat ,β-cat and α-cat ,E-cad and β-cat ,respectively. Level of serum anti-Epstain-Barr Virus Viral Capsid Antigen IgA(VCA-IgA) titers in NPCs with normal α-catenin expression was significantly higher than that in NPCs with abnormal α-catenin expression (P=0.008) . No other correlation between expression pattern of the complex and clinicopathologic features was elicited.Conclusion Abnormal expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin/α-catenin complex features largely in non-keratinizing carcinoma of nasopharynx,there are possitive correlations among the expression of E-cadherin,β-catenin and α-catenin.Downregulation of E-cadherin/β-catenin/α-catenin adhesion complex does not necessarily favore advanced disease stage or lymph node metastasis in NPC.
    Expressions of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in the atherosclerotic plaque
    2007, 27(7):  793-797. 
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    Objectives To observe the expressions and locations of TF and TFPI in the femoral artery atherosclerotic plaque. Methods we detected the expressions and locations of TF and TFPI in femoral artery atherosclerotic plaque by immunohistochemical and double-stain immunohistochemical method. we detected TFmRNA and TFPImRNA expressions in atherosclerotic plaque by RT-PCR, with the normal umbilical artery as a control. Results Used as a control, the normal umbilical artery contained little TF ,TFPI and their mRNA in the adventitia. A great deal of TF,TFPI and their mRNA were detected in the tunica intima of the femoral artery atherosclerotic plaque, and they were colocalized in all types of cells and stroma.
    Cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 mediated transmembrane delivery of enhanced green fluorescent protein in mice in vivo
    Dong Xiao Wang Jia-ning Tang Jun-ming Pan Guo-dong Huang Yong-zhang Guo Ling-yun
    2007, 27(7):  798-801. 
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    Objective To investigate the in vivo transduction capability of fusion protein PEP-1-EGFP with mice. Methods Two prokaryotic expression plasmids pET15b-EGFP and pET15b-PEP-1-EGFP were constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) to express EGFP and fusion protein PEP-1-EGFP, respectively. The expressed EGFP and PEP-1-EGFP were purified with Ni2+-resin affinity chromatography. Five hundred micrograms of EGFP and PEP-1-EGFP fusion protein were injected into mice from the caudal vein, respectively, the mice were euthanized and perfused with PBS after administration 2 hours later. Then, the heart, brain, liver, spleen and kidney were removed and sectioned with a cryostat at 7μm for visualization with a inverted fluorescent microscope. Results The brain, heart, liver, spleen and kidney in the mice injected with PEP-1-EGFP demonstrated bright and homogenous green fluorescence whereas that with EGFP showed no green fluorescence at all. Conclusions The successful expression and purification of PEP-1-EGFP fusion protein and its efficient transduction into mouse in vivo provide a basis for the research on transmembrane delivery of macromolecule drugs mediated by the cell-penetrating peptide, PEP-1, in molecular therapy of many diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and tumor.
    Increased expressions of NGF and its receptor P75 in liver of CCl4-induced toxic rats
    2007, 27(7):  802-805. 
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    Objective By observing the changes in NGF and its receptor P75 in liver of CCl4-induced toxic rats,to evaluate the role of NGF in the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis. Methods The expressions of NGF mRNA and its receptor P75 were detecteded by both hemi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in liver of CCl4-induced toxic rats at the time of 24h,48h,72h,96h、1w、5w and 9w . Results The expressions of NGFmRNA and its receptor P75 in liver of CCl4-induced toxic rats at 24th hour group were higher than that of control group (P<0.01,n=6). Then it was swith low at 48th hour and 72th hour. But it was still higher than that of control group(P<0.05,n=6). Conclusion In CCl4-induced rat liver tissue,the expressions of NGF and its receptor P75 might be significantly related to hepatic fibrosis.
    Construction and identification of eukaryotic expression vector expressing Islet-brain 1 gene
    2007, 27(7):  806-810. 
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    Objective To construct and identify eukaryotic expression vector expressing Islet-brain 1(IB1) gene. Methods The total RNA was extracted from human insulinoma. IB1 gene was amplified by PCR from human IB1 cDNA library. The eukaryotic expression vector encoding IB1 was constructed by inserting the IB1 cDNA in the EcoR I/Kpn I sites of the pEGFP-N1 vector with the green fluorescent. The construct was transfected into RINm5F cell line, screened by G418, and obtained the stably transfeced cell line. The inverted fluorescence microscope, flow cytometer, and Western Blot were used to identify the recombinant plasmid and transfeced cell line. Results The RT-PCR products for IB1 (AA1-280)generated from human insulinoma was 840 bp. Sequence analysis showed that it contained the same sequence as published in Gen-Bank. Two bands showed that pEGFP-N1 vector encoding IB1 digested by EcoR I or Kpn I. Western blot showed IB1 gene was expressed in RINm5F cells. Conclusion The recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-N1-IB1 has been constructed successfully.
    临床园地
    Analysis of Urinary Markers for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    Hu Hao Xin Xiao Zineng Wang
    2007, 27(7):  811-814. 
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    To explore the characteristics of both qualitative and quantative analysis,by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS),of the four urinary markers,lactate, uracil,orotate and hippurate,for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD).Urea in urine samples was decomposed with urease,and heptadecanoiate was added as internal standard,then protein was denatured with ethanol and removed by centrifugation. After evaporation, the residue was trimethylsilylly derivatized by BSTFA/TMCS, and analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the markers can be separated well in total ion currency profiles,with indentifications confirmed by mass spectrums.Quantitative analysis revealed that the significantly elevated levels of lactate, uracil and orotate in urine from OTCD patient were droped to normal or nearly normal levels,together with large amount of hippurate excretion in the urine,after clinical therapeutic measures,including introduction of benzoic acid,were performed.These findings suggest that GC-MS analysis of the urinary markers is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effect of OTCD.
    Clinical features of 300 cases with pancreatic carcinoma
    2007, 27(7):  815-818. 
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    Aims To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the laboratory tests and therapeutic methods of pancreatic carcinoma, in order to improve the level of recognizing the pancreatic carcinoma. Methods 300 cases of pancreatic carcinoma were collected during 1995~2003 from PUMCH. Results ①The clinical presentations included weight loss(75.3%), abdominal pain (66.3%), anorexia(51.0%), jaundice(50.0%), abdominal distention(44.0%), back pain(18.0%), diarrhea(14.3%) and melena(7.7%) .②The sensitivities of tumor markers to diagnose pancreatic cancer were 77.5% of CA19-9, 66.0% of CA50, 48.3% of CA242 and 29.7% of CEA. If CA19-9 combined with CA50, CA242 and CEA, its sensitivity was increased to86.0% .③The titer value of CA19-9 was significantly related with radical operation ratio(P<0.05), but it was not related to metastasis of lymph node and the tumor location either in pancreatic or bile duct . ④CA19-9 had significantly influenced by bilirubin at 37u/ml, but it didn't at 150,240 and 500u/ml.⑤ The therapeutics used were radical operation(30.7%), palliative operation(27.3%) and non-operation (42%). Conclusion The titer value of CA19-9 may be interfered with bilirubin .It is important for early diagnose to learn clinical characteristics of pancreatic carcinoma and to apply correctly diagnostic methods.
    Clinical significance of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Level in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid gland tumor
    2007, 27(7):  819-821. 
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    Objective: to observe the changes of serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) in the patients with Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid gland tumor in different phases. Methods: the levels of TPOAb were observed, the relation between the changed TPOAb level and reduced thyroid function was studied. Results: Amount 89 cases, there were 50 cases having normal or slightly elevated TPOAb level. However, after treatment, 31 cases presented a raised TPOAb level. Of 19 cases with hypothyroidism or its sub-clinical type. There were 39 cases with positive TPOAb. After the treatment, 2 cases changed to negative TPOAb, 26 cases lowered, and 3 cases had hypothyroidism. There were 29 cases taking thyroid tablets without appearance of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: the changes of TPOAb level can be observed during the treatment for hyperthyroidism and t hyroid gland tumor. The elevated TPOAb level often predicts the decreased thyroid function. The patients with positive TPOAb should be concerned, and for hyperthyroidism patients the treatment should be taken with care.
    研究短文
    Clinical Observation on Tiopronin Increasing the Effect and Attenuating the Toxicity of chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer
    2007, 27(7):  830-831. 
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    Objective:study the clinical function of Tiopronin with comprehensive chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Method:70 advanced gastric cancer patients who lost surgical operation treatment opportunity were enrolled into this study. 70 patients with advanced gast ric cancer were divided into two groups randomly(treatment group 35 patients and control group 35 patients).Single apply FolFox in control group;treatment group adopt the FolFox chemotherapy project and Tiopronin 0.3 iv qd d1-d5.Evaluate the curative effects and adverse reactions.Results:9 patients achieved complete response (CR) , 8 patients partial response ( PR) , 15 patients no change ( NC) , 3 patients progression disease ( PD) 2 patients adverse reactions in treatment group and 8 patients achieved complete response (CR) , 6 patients partial response ( PR) , 17 patients no change ( NC) , 4 patients progression disease ( PD) 8 patients adverse reactions in control group.Conclusion: Tiopronin with comprehensive chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer,It can improve efficacy and the quality of life and reduce the adverse reactions of chemotherapy.
    短篇综述
    SELEX and the applications in the therapeutic fields
    2007, 27(7):  834-840. 
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    Systematic Evolution of Ligand by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a new combinational chemistry methodology for in vitro selection of specific aptamers. Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotide ligands that are capable of high-affinity binding to target molecules, such as amino acids, drugs, proteins and other small molecules or ions etc. They are isolated from combinational libraries of synthetic oligonucleotide by an iterative process of affinity selection, recovery and amplification. Several properties of aptamers make them an attractive class of therapeutic compounds. Their affinity and specificity for a given protein make it possible to isolate a ligand to nearly any target, and adjusting their bioavailability expands their clinical utility. Aptamers may prove useful in the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases, including infectious illness, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. We review the development of this emerging class of therapeutics, summarize progress to date, and speculate on the eventual utility of such agents in the clinic.