Abstract: Objective To explore the efficacy and immune reconstitution of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in the treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). Methods One patient with refractory ITP was treated with APBSCT， and the effectiveness and period of immune reconstitution were analyzed retrospectively. Results The case was mobilized by cyclophosphamide (CY) plus G-CSF and 4.7′106/kg CD34+ cell was gained totally. Neutrophil and platelet were engrafted at 11th and 12th day without severe complications following the conditioning of TBI and CY,. Although the each phenotype of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were recovered gradually 6 months after the transplant,inverted CD4/CD8 ratio exited and memory T cell was improved much earlier than na?ve T cell. The platelete count was constantly over 100′109/L and the patient was in complete remission after a follow-up of 31 months. Conclusion APBSCT maybe a effective means for refractory ITP.