Abstract: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the second most common primary central nervous system tumors. Although most PAs can be cured with surgery, medical treatment, or radiotherapy, some PAs recur, invade adjacent structures, or even metastasize to other organs after traditional treatments, reducing patient overall survival and their quality of life. In recent years, studies on the immune microenvironment of brain tumors emerged, especially in the field of glioma, providing potential effective treatment targets for immunotherapy and setting the foundation for improving patient survival. However, previous studies have only conducted preliminary analyses on immune cells, immune molecules, and cytokines in the microenvironment of PAs, and immunotherapy research of PAs in animal models and humans has just started.

Key words: pituitary adenoma, immune microenvironment, immunotherapy