Abstract: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that can regulate the activation of caspase-1, promote the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18，and lead to inflammation ,meanwhile initiate pyroptosis. The classic illustration of the NLRC4 inflammasome paradigm is: trigger (e.g. cytosolic flagellin), sensor (NAIP), nucleator (NLRC4), adaptor (ASC), and effector (caspase-1). The main regulatory mechanisms of NLRC4 activation are ligand binding and phosphorylation. NLRC4 is a critical component of intestinal immune system and defense against different pathogens. In addition,NLRC4 related to a variety of human diseases: such as autoinflammatory diseases, diabetic nephropathy, thymic cancer.

Key words: Keywords： NLRC4 Inflammasome, Inflammation,, Autoinflammation Diseases