Abstract: Exosomes, small vesicles of endocytic origin, have attracted attention in bone regeneration field. The vesicles travel between cells and deliver functional cargoes, such as proteins and RNAs, thereby regulating targeted cells differentiation, commitment, function, and proliferation. Exosomes directly regulate MSCs into the osteoblastic lineage, stimulate bone regeneration by directly regulating osteoblast proliferation and activity, regulate osteoclast maturation and activity and stimulate bone growth and regeneration by increasing vessel formation.Meantime, exosomes resolves toxicity and immunogenicity problems caused by biomaterial treatment.Furthermore, compared with living cell transplantation, exosomes present a lower risk for severe complication(such as tumors, emboli formation).

Key words: bone regeneration, exosome, osteogenesis