Abstract: Abstract: It has been a concerned subject for a long time in the areas of stem cells and tissue engineering that how to imitate in vivo environment for the reconstruction of cells and tissues in vitro. The cell co-culture system can be established by many methods such as two-dimensional cell co-culture which includes direct cell-to-cell contact and indirect contact between different cells, three-dimensional cell co-culture, and conditional medium. The co-culture system of direct contact through porous membrane and three-dimensional culture can increase the differentiated flexibility of stem cells and is stressed more and more. Based on maintaining the fundamental structures and properties of cells, the system makes the environment in vitro to be consistent with in vivo environment as far as possible through interactions of two or more kinds of cells and tissues. So the cell co-culture system makes up for the defects of monolayer cell culture and is conducive to reconstructing cells and tissues in vitro closer to the physiological state. The system is widely used in modern cell research, which makes it to be an excellent technology for the cells and tissues reconstruction in vitro of cornea, periodont, cartilage, cardiovascular, neural, et al.

Key words: Key words: cell co-culture, stem cells, tissue engineering