Abstract: Objective To study the possibility of small diameter TEBV implantation to artery by surgical operation. Methods The mixture of seed cells and scaffold were produced by separately seeding vascular smooth muscle-like cells and vascular endothelium-like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on PGA\collagen scaffold. The cells scaffold mixture was implanted subcutaneously in cell donor dogs for 8 weeks.The TEBV grafts were used to replace a segment of femoral artery. Results In the group of TEBVs grafts, the grafts were patent and covered with endothelium- like cells, and there was no thrombus formation in the vessels. Histological analysis of the tissue engineering blood vessel wall also revealed a typical artery structure, including endothelium, media and adventitia. Two weeks after implantation, the labeled seed cells by Brdu were found in the three layers of the vessel wall too. Conclusion the tissue engineering vessel could be used to replace natural arteries, the architecture and function of the mixture resembles those of the natural arteries.