Abstract: Objective To investigate the feasibility of treating ischemic heart disease with transplantation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods Marrow mesenchymal stem cells were taken from New Zealand rabbit's sternum and cultured. A myocardial infarction model was created by ligation of the distal left anterior descending artery in New Zealand rabbit. MSCs were injected into the region of myocardial infarction. The size of the myocardial infarction area was measured by PET and the cardiac function was assessed by measuring the pressure change of left ventricle(dp/dt). Results The size of the myocardial infarction area diminished and the cardiac function of the New Zealand rabbit was improved after the transplantation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion Transplantation marrow mesenchymal stem cells may improve cardiac function of ischemic heart disease in New Zealand rabbit.