Abstract: Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)45T/G in the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes of Han nationality in Ningxia.. Methods PCR- RFLP method was used to determine the distributions of alleles and genotypes frequencies of SNP45T/G polymorphisms in adiponectin gene in 100 type 2 diabetic patients and 101 normal subjects .Results The distribution of both genotypes and alleles frequencies of the SNP45 polymorphisms were significantly different between two groups(GG genotype:13% vs 3% ,P<0.05;G allele;76% vs 24%, P<0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that SNP45 in adiponectin gene was associated with type 2 diabetes of Han nationality in Ningxia. Individuals with SNP45 GG genotypes of adiponectin gene have high susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.