Abstract: Objective To investigate the role of problem-based learning (PBL) in medical education. Methods We analyzed the responses of 35 medical students from PUMC to a questionnaire survey. Results We reclaimed 32 effective questionnaires. All students (100%) consider PBL to be very necessary. The affinity and effectiveness are affirmed by 30(94%) and 23(72%) students respectively. Twenty students think the relationship between PBL and traditional teaching methods is complementary; twenty-six students think PBL broadening the scope of medical knowledge; However, none of them think PBL can replace the traditional teaching method. Most students consider PBL facilitating to development of clinical thoughts and clinical problem－solving，consolidation and expansion of basic knowledge. Conclusion From our present results，PBL is shown to be an effective approach of medical education. More methods and technology are needed for the evaluation of medical education.