Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most fascinating areas of cell biology today. It is well known that MSCs are capable of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, and possess powerful immunoregulatory function. Progresses have been made in the area of the application of MSCs in the therapy of some related diseases. Rencently, knowledge has been accumulated to clarity MSCs' roles in etiology and progression of certain diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between MSCs and some hematological diseases.