Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and their relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics of human astrocytomas.Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to investigate the expression of COX-2 and VEGF among human astrocytoma samples (n=50) and normal brain tissue (n=10) respectively. Results The positive rate of COX-2 and VEGF was significantly different between the human astrocytomas and normal brain tissue（P＜0.01）.The expression of COX-2 in human astrocytomas was significantly related to the tumor's pathological grades（P＜0.05）.So was the expression of VEGF（P＜0.05）.The expression of VEGF was closely associated with COX-2（P＜0.01）.Conclusions COX-2 and VEGF may be involve in gliomas'occurance and development.Expression of COX-2 and VEGF protein was positively correlate with the malignant phenotype of gliomas. Key words Human astrocytomas; Cyclooxygenase-2; vascular endothelial growth factor ;immunohistochemistry