Basic & Clinical Medicine

Major genetic changes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Shuang-ni YU; Jie CHEN

2008, 28(1): 0-0.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common pancreatic neoplasm with characteristics of latent morbidit, poor prognosis, high mortality rate, and limited treatments. Many studies focused on its pathogenesis, and showed molecular genetic alterations, which derived of genetic and environmental factors, played an important role in tumorigenesis. Recently, more and more findings laid particular emphasis on the level of gene molecule and some were confirmed in vitro and vivo. In this paper, we made a review and summarized the marked molecular changes and signalings of the major four pathways to understand their functions in PDAC.

Apelin-13 stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation in rats

Feng LI; Lan-fang LI; Xu-ping QIN; Wei-nan PAN; Bing-yang ZHU; Duan-fang LIAO; Lin-xi CHEN

2008, 28(1): 9-12.

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Objective To observe the effect of G protein-coupled receptor APJ endogenous ligand apelin-13 on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs),and investigate whether the effect is related to apelin/APJ-pERK1/2 -cyclin D1 signal transduction pathway. Methods The cell proliferation were measured by MTT assay and the expression of cyclin D1 and pERK1/2 were determined by Western blot.The rusults showed that apelin-13 can stimulated VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that apelin-13 stimulated the expression of cyclin D1 and pERK1/2. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 decreased the expression of pERK1/2 induced by apelin-13. Similarly, PD98059 partially diminished the expression of cyclin D1, and inhibited the VSMCs proliferation stimulated by apelin-13. Conclusion Apelin-13 can stimulated the proliferation of VSMC and the effect was possibly mediated by apelin/APJ- pERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal cascades.

Cloning of mouse GRIM-19 gene and its apoptosis effect

Yue-ting SHAO; Ling ZHANG; Kun JI; Ya-nan LIU; Yang LI; Jia-di HU; Xue-jian ZHAO

2008, 28(1): 13-17.

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Objective: To construct pcDNA3.1-GRIM-19 eukaryotic expression vector and to investigate its function in mouse prostate cancer rm-1 cells. METHODS RT-PCR was performed on the total RNA extracted from mouse spleen tissue to obtain the cDNA of GRIM-19,which was inserted into pMD-18T vector .DNA sequencing was tested before the amplified products were cloned into pcDNA3.1. The recombinant vector was transfected into rm-1 cells and its expression examined by RT-PCR. The apoptotic effects of cells were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and DNA ladder assay. Then, using the RT-PCR detected caspase -3 activity in rm-1 cells after transfection . RESULTS The amplified products were confirmed as the cDNA of rm-1 by DNA sequencing, being capable of expression in rm-1 cells. Typical apoptosis was observed by LSCM and DNA ladder in recombinant plasmid group after 48h of transfection in rm-1 cells. Overexpression of GRIM-19 could increase caspase -3 expression. CONCLUSION The eukaryotic expression vector for GRIM-19 was successfully constructed, which can be expressed in rm-1 cells and induce the cells apoptosis and its apoptosis mechanism maybe related with caspase -3 activity.

Augmentation by Zn2+on ATP-activated currents in xenopus oocytes

Yu-qin ZHANG; Jian-xia CHENG; Zhao-yu WANG; Fan ZHU; Hui NIE; Jia-lie LUO; Zhi-wang LI

2008, 28(1): 18-21.

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Objective: To study the modulatory effects of Zn2+ on ATP-activated Currents (IATP) of Xenopus Oocytes. Methods: The two electrode-voltage clamp technique was used to record IATP in healthy Xenopus oocytes by applying Zn2+ in extracellular fluid. Results: We found that IATP (especially the component D1) can be obviously modulated by Zn2+ in a concentration-dependent manner. The amplitude of IATP can be increased by (117.6±8.21)％(n＝11) when modulated by 3×10-5 mol/L Zn2+, which shows a remarkable difference compared with the control value (P<0.01). Zn2+ can cause the concentration-response relationship curve to move towards up-left direction, while does not change the maximal amplitude. Conclusions: The modulation effect of Zn2+ on IATP belongs to allosteric modulation, and may be achieved by changing the affinity of ligand-receptor.

Role of different microenvironment on differentiation in vitro of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyogenic cells

Ben-si ZHANG; Zhuang LI; Xin-wen YANG; Hong HONG; Yong-hua HONG

2008, 28(1): 22-25.

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Objective To study which kind of cells in myocardium playing determining role in cardiomyogenic differentiation of marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Rat marrow derived-MSCs, cardiomyocytes (CM) and endothelial cells (EC) were isolated and cultured, then MSCs were incubated with the CM or EC or cultured alone after labeled by 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 72 hours. The cells were identified by morphology, immunocytochemistry and double immunocytochemistry. Results More than 95% of the cells isolated and cultured belonged to MSCs, CM or EC. Incubated with CM, most MSCs labeled by BrdU showed cardiomyocyte-like shape. After 4 weeks of cultivation, positive staining of double immunocytochemistry of BrdU and Sarcomeric Actin or Connexin-43 (CX-43) were observed on 44% cells. However, there was no obvious change in morphology and no positive staining of double immunocytochemistry on MSCs incubated with EC or cultured alone after 1、2、3 and 4 weeks of cultivation. Conclusion MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells under cardiomyocyte microenvironment in vitro, and cardiomyocytes may play a crucial role for the differentiation.

Influence of angiopoietin-1 gene modified mesenchymal stem cells on the expression of adhension factors

Jin-cun GUO; Yi-qing WANG; Liang-di XIE; Chang-sheng XU

2008, 28(1): 26-30.

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Objective To investigate the influence of Angiopoietin-1(Ang1) gene modified mesenchymal stem cells on the expression of adhension factors on endothelial cells, to clarify the feasibility of modulating inflammation reaction by gene modification after stem cells transplantation. Methods Genetic engineering rMSCs were constructed by lentivirally-tranduced Ang1 gene, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at different time point after 20μg/L VEGF stimulating were investigated, the supernatants of gene modified rMSC were collected and then added to HUVEC culture with different concentration of Ang1, the expressions of adhension factors after VEGF stimulated were observed at the same time. Results Genetic engineering rMSCs were successfully constructed, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA were significantly increased after VEGF stimulated, the maximal value was at 8h, the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions were decreased after cultured with Ang1 at different concentration, Ang1 suppressed the VEGF-stimulated protein levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Conclusion The supernatants of Ang1 gene modified stem cells can suppressed VEGF-stimulated inflammation reaction of HUVEC.

Change of plasma PAI-1 and uPA content in polycystic ovarian sysdrome

Jian-hua CHE; Xuan LI; Yong-mei GUAN

2008, 28(1): 31-34.

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Objective To detect the plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in PCOS and control of different BMI. Methods This experiment is divided into PCOS group and control group,PCOS group also divided into obesity and without obesity.To assay plasma PAI-1 and serum uPA of PCOS with and without obesity with enzyme-linked immunosurbent assay(ELISA),and meassure body mass index(BMI), waist hip ratio(WHR), blood glucose,fasting insulin and IRT.To evaluate insulin resistance with Homa Model and measure insulin area under curve (AUC). Results LH/FSH , T, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, AUC and the plasma level of PAI-1 were significantly increased in PCOS compared with normal control,and HOMA-IR, AUC and the plasma level of PAI-1 were also increased in obesity compared with non-obesity of PCOS (P<0.05). In the Spearman bivariate correlation analysis,significant correlation were found between PAI-1 and HOMA-IR,PAI-1 and AUC,PAI-1 and BMI,HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.0001). Conclusion The increasing of PAI-1 is the result of metabolism disorder with hyperinsulinism and obesity.PAI-1 is one of evalution marker of insulin resistance.Anti-PAI-1 study maybe a new way to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.

Effects of aldosterone on the expression of endothelin in rat cardiac fibroblasts

Yu-zhou WU; Wei CUI; Shu-qin LI; Lei ZHANG; Jing-chao LU; Ji-dong ZHANG; Jun DU

2008, 28(1): 35-39.

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Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of aldosterone on the expression of endothelin (ET) in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Methods Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated by trypsin digestion method. ET-1 concentration in conditioned medium was measured by radioimmunoassay, intracellular ET-1 level was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the expression of preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) was detected and quantified using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results Aldosterone (10-9, 10-8, 10-7 mol/L) induced a dose-dependent changes in ppET-1 mRNA expression, as well as ET-1 synthesis and secretion in cardiac fibroblasts. Meanwhile, aldosterone (10-7 mol/L) time-related induced ppET-1 mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts, which began to increase in 2 h and attained the highest level in 4 h, thereafter decreased. The effects of aldosterone (10-7 mol/L) were significantly inhibited by the pre-incubation with spironolactone (10-6 mol/L). Conclusion These results showed that aldosterone increase the expression of ppET-1 mRNA, as well as ET-1 synthesis and secretion via mineralocorticoid receptor.

Diallyl trisulfide inhibited interleukin-1β expression in the lung of mice induced by lipopolysaccharide by inhibiting NF-κB activation

Gui-jun ZHU; Shu-jin LI; Zhan-biao YU; Yu-xiang ZHANG; Jun-feng LIU; Zhen-jie HU

2008, 28(1): 40-43.

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Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the modulation of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in mice with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Mice were randomly divided into Control group, ALI group, DATS group, DATS prevention group and DATS treatment group. The expression of IL-1β mRNA in the lung tissues was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). NF-κB activity in the lung tissues was detected by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). The expression of phospho-IκB and IκB were assayed by Western blot. Results The expression of IL-1β mRNA, NF-κB activity and the phospho-IκB expression in lung tissues increased markedly at ALI group (P<0.01, P<0.05), which were inhibited significantly by pretreatment of DATS with ALI mice (P<0.05). However, no significant change was found in DATS treatment group. Conclusions Pretreatment of DATS with ALI mice downregulates IL-1β mRNA expression by inhibiting the phospohrylation of IκB and the subsequent NF-κB activation in lung tissues of ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide, which is one of the signal transduction mechanisms of DATS to prevent the occurrence of ALI.

Association of human ghrelin gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ling-ling XU; Hong-ding XIANG

2008, 28(1): 44-47.

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Objective To study relationship between ghrelin gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes and its risk factors.Methods All subjects were genotyped for these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (C408A, G346A) of ghrelin by PCR-RFLP assay. Anthropometric variables, blood glucose, insulin, lipid, uric acid and other clinic parameters were measured.Result In control group, the genotype frequencies as follows: CC 75.4%(n=251), CA 24%(n=80), and AA 0.6%(n=2). In type 2 diabetes group, the genotype frequencies: CC 70.8%(n=143), CA 28.2%(n=57), and AA 1.0(n=2). There were no significant differences of the genotype frequencies in two groups. In control group, serum total cholesterol in subjects carrying CC genotype is higher than subjects not carrying CC genotype ((P<0.05); in type 2 diabetes groups, serum uric acid in subjects carrying CC genotype is higher than subjects not carrying CC genotype ((P<0.05).There were not G346A variants existed in our study subjects.Conclusion The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of the C408A did not differ significantly among control and type 2 diabetes groups; G346A polymorphisms were not existed in control and type 2 diabetes groups. C408A variants associated with total cholesterol and uric acid.

Expression of Her-2/neu,DPC4 and p16 in pancreatic carcinoma and its implication

Zhan HUA; Yuan-chun ZHANG; Zhen-geng JIA; Zhen-sheng ZHANG

2008, 28(1): 48-52.

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Objective: To detect the expression of genes Her-2/neu,DPC4 and p16 in pancreatic carcinomas and investigate the role of thier alterations in tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic carcinomas. Methods We studied the immunohistochemical markers Her-2/neu,DPC4 and p16 in 34 adenocarcinomas and 12 nonmalignant specimens of the pancreas，and the relationship between DPC4 alterations and various clinicopathological parameters was evaluated by statistics. Results There was a significant difference between normal pancreatic tissues and benign pancreatic lesions and primary pancreatic carcinomas for frequency of Her-2/neu expression and loss of p16 expression (P<0.05). The levels of loss of DPC4 expression were increased in primary pancreatic carcinoma in comparison to nonmalignant specimens of the pancreas. The frequency of loss of DPC4 expression was greater in primary pancreatic carcinomas with poor-differentiation than with good and moderate- differentiation (P<0.05).The frequency of Her-2/neu expression and loss of p16 expression was greater in primary pancreatic carcinomas with lymph node-positive than with lymph node-negative (P<0.05)； Followed in TNM staging, the levels of Her-2/neu expression were significantly decreased (P<0.05)，and the frequency of loss of p16 expression was also significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of Her-2/neu was correlated with p16 (P<0.05); the expression of Her-2/neu was correlated with DPC4 (P<0.05); the expression of p16 was correlated with DPC4 (P<0.01). Conclusion These data suggest that the abnormal expression of Her-2/neu, DPC4 and p16 was helpful for predicting the prognosis. The expression of p16 and DPC4 had an impact on the development of pancreatic carcinoma.

A relativity study of hyperuricemia with factors of dietary and metabolic syndrome

Wei CHEN; Hai-ping LIU; Miao YU; Jing-hui FANG; Fang MA; Hong-ding XIANG

2008, 28(1): 53-56.

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors including dietary and Metabolic Syndrome in populations of Dongcheng district in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study of hyperuricemia was carried out in volunteers who had diabetes screening from 2003 to 2004. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was calculated in the population. Applying the form of food frequency to know the intake of nutritional-rich dietary.Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in this population was 4.3%, and in male and female were 10.7% and 1.07% respectively.Bivariate and rank analysis found that hypertriglyceride were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia (P<0.01) .There was significantly relativity with impaired glucose regulation in female, whereas no relativity in male.Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that male, obesity,waist obesity, hypertriglyceride, hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia(P<0.01),HDL-c and fasting glucose were negative significantly association, but the products of nutrient buillon,seafood, animal organs,mushroom were no significantly associated whether men or women.Conclusions Male gender,obesity, waist obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceride may be associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia.

Sphingosine 1-phoshate prolongs action potential duration and inhibiting voltage-dependent potassium current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes

Jing-yan GE; Wen-jie ZHANG; Xia CHEN; Xiao-xia SUN; Ming ZHAO; Guo-gan ZHONG

2008, 28(1): 57-60.

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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of sphingosine 1-phoshate (S1P) on action potential (AP) and voltage-dependent potassium current (KV）in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Methods The ventricular myocytes were isolated by using Langendorff perfusion method. The AP and KV were recorded by whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. Results S1P prolonged the 50% and 90% action potential duration (APD50 and APD90) and decreased KV which were blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX) or Calphostin C. Conclusion S1P decreased the KV in a PKC pathway and prolonged action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.

Oval cells may play roles and its mechanism in the repair of hepatic injury induced by 2-AAF

Shu-kun YAO; Zhi-yun YANG; Li-li CHANG

2008, 28(1): 61-65.

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Objective To explore the role of oval cells in hepatic injure and to study its mechanism. Methods: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(20 cases) and model group (30 cases). Hepatic pathologic changes were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope . Vimentin and PCNA were detected by immunohistochemistry, Notch1、 RBP-Jκ、HES1 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. Results: The histological morphology was normal in the control group, the positive cells of vimentin and PCNA were found on occasion,the expression of Notch1、RBP-Jκ、HES1 mRNA was low.In the model group ,the oval cells were discovered in portal duct regions massively. The tonofilaments and desmosome juntion which were the distinctive structure of oval cells were observed by electron microscopy. The positive cells of vimentin and PCNA were increased (P<0.01), the expression of Notch1、RBP-Jκ、HES1 mRNA were increased （P<0.01）. Conclusion: The oval cells play an important role in repair of hepatic injury ,the mechanism might relate to Notch family.

Effects of norepinephrine on hepatic stellate cells apoptosis in vitro

Na LIU; Xiao-lan ZHANG; Dong-mei YAO; Xiao-peng TIAN

2008, 28(1): 66-69.

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Object To investigate the effects of NE on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) apoptosis and the mechanism thereof. Methods After NE and the antagonists of adrenoceptor subtypes were administered to HSCs, MTT method was used to evaluate cell proliferation. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis. Results ①Compared with control group, NE at concentrations of 1、10 and 100 µmol/L induced HSCs proliferation in a time-dependent manner; The action of NE at concentrations of 10µmol/L reached the peak (0.262±0.085 vs. 0.048±0.055, P<0.05). ②After exposure of HSCs to NE at concentration of 10µmol/L for 24 h, apoptosis rates decreased significantly compared with control group(6.60±3.05 vs. 12.60±4.76 by TUNEL, P<0.05; 2.29±0.22 vs. 3.06±0.57 by FCM, P<0.05). ③The antagonists of adrenoceptor subtypes, especially of α- and β2- adrenoceptor, reversed the apoptosis greatly. Conclusions Sympathetic neurotransmitter, NE, could induce HSCs proliferation, and inhibit HSCs apoptosis, mainly through α- and β2- adrenoreceptor.

Construction of thioredoxin-DsRed and APE/ref-1-EGFP fusion protein vector and their localization in 293T cells

Zhen-hua XIE

2008, 28(1): 70-73.

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Objective:To construct thioredoxin and APE/ref-1 fusion protein expression vector and to investigate their subcellular localization of the fusion proteins in 293Tcells. Methods: The APE/ref-1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from PC12 cell and APE/ref-1-EGFP fusion protein expression vector was constructed through subclone.Thioredoxin cDNA was subcloned into pDSred1-1 from pQE30-TRX plasmid by PCR,and thioredoxin-DsRed fusion protein expression vector was constructed in pCMV5 plasmid. The expression and subcellular localization of the fusion protein in 293T cells transfected with the vectors by calcium phosphate was analyzeed by fluorescent microscopy. Results: The results demonstrated that thioredoxin--DsRed and APE/ref-1-EGFP fusion proteins expression vectors was successfully constructed and expressed in 293T cells. APE/ref-1-EGFP fusion protein was located only in the nucleus,and thioredoxin- DsRed fusion protein was located from cytoplasm to nucleus. Conclusion: This study has paved the way for further study on the dynamic interaction between thioredoxin and APE/ref-1 fusion proteins.

Establishment of guinea pig model of immune-mediated motor neuron injury

Yan-su GUO; Ya-ling LIU; Lei XU; Dong-xia WU; Hong-ran WU; Hui-yong HUO; Ai-bing REN; Chun-yan LI

2008, 28(1): 74-79.

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Objective: To establish an animal model of immune-mediated motoneuron injury. Methods: Adult male albino outbred Hartley guinea pigs were inoculated with bovine spinal cord anterior horn homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and suspended into emulsion in Freund's complete adjuvant. The injections were intra / subcutaneous over the back of each animal. Animals were examined every day during the experimental period. EMG examinations were carried out regularly. Samples were taken for histological and serological anti-spinal anterior horn antibody examinations. Results: 17/19 Guinea pigs immunized with bovine spinal cord anterior horn homogenate manifested limb and/or neck weakness and muscle atrophy. Electromyographic examination indicated denervation and motor unit potentials with high amplitude and wide time limit were observed. Pathologically, changes in different degree were found in pyramidal cells of the motor cortex and myelinated fibers in the cerebral peduncle. Loss and degeneration of motor neurons and gliosis were observed in spinal cord cervical and lumbar enlargement. The titer of antibodies to spinal cord anterior horn of guinea pig elevated in the immunized group, and IgG depositions were observed in anterior horn motoneurons. Conclusions: This study successfully established an animal model of immune-mediated motor neuron injury.

CT profile of Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas

Li-hua ZHANG; Ning YANG; Feng FENG; Yong-qiang MA; Jun-liang LU; Wei LIU; Hua-dan XUE

2008, 28(1): 80-83.

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Objective: To analyze the CT appearance of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTP) and enhance the accurate diagnostic rate Methods: 21 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed SPTP were reviewed. All cases underwent unenhanced spiral scanning CT and three phases post-contrast scanning. The CT imaging were analyzed in comparison with surgical pathological features. Results: Thirteen cases were located in pancreatic head， 8 located in pancreatic body and tail .The diameter of tumors were 2～15cm， 19 were well-circumscribed and encapsulated， most tumor including cystic and solid portion ， the largest diameter of cyst was 4cm， the wall thickness were 0.2～3cm， only 2 were completely solid; The pancreatic head tumors did not cause pancreatic duct and common bile duct dilate obviously. The unenhanced CT scanning showed that tumors were non-homogeneous .On post-contrast CT， the solid portion were slightly enhanced in the arterial phase and markedly enhanced in portal and delay phase. Conclusions: CT was helpful in diagnosing SPTP，the appearance of CT was based on pathology.

Research on clinical laboratory management using ISO15189

You-ye YANG Jin-sheng LIANG Zhi-chao YANG Gui-shan CNEN Man-zhang CHEN Dong-mei WEN Chang-hui CAI

2008, 28(1): 84-86.

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Patient, competition and change are characteristics of the modern hospital manage environment, Clinical laboratory management must be more scientific and more religious. This article lists the main work of clinical laboratory management using ISO15189, shows the thoughts of authors on clinical laboratory management using ISO15189 and points out the difficulties of popularization using ISO15189 in clinical laboratory management．

Combination of balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration attenuate inflammatory mediator in cardiopulmonary bypass

An-biao WANG; Gao-li LIU; Quan-xin FAN; Wei GUO; De-cai LI; Wen-long ZHANG

2008, 28(1): 87-88.

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Ginsenosidergl protects SD-N-SH cells from apottosis induced by Aβ（25-35） in culture

Shi-bin SHAO; Yan DING; Ya-lun ZHANG; Shan DUAN; Xing CUI

2008, 28(1): 89-90.

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Practice of problem-based-learning in clinical clerkship

Jia-lin CHEN Xiao-ming HUANG Yue SHA Yu-huang WANG Jin CHENG Wei-gang FANG Xue-jun ZENG

2008, 28(1): 91-93.

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Objective To investigate the role of problem-based learning (PBL) in medical education. Methods We analyzed the responses of 35 medical students from PUMC to a questionnaire survey. Results We reclaimed 32 effective questionnaires. All students (100%) consider PBL to be very necessary. The affinity and effectiveness are affirmed by 30(94%) and 23(72%) students respectively. Twenty students think the relationship between PBL and traditional teaching methods is complementary; twenty-six students think PBL broadening the scope of medical knowledge; However, none of them think PBL can replace the traditional teaching method. Most students consider PBL facilitating to development of clinical thoughts and clinical problem－solving，consolidation and expansion of basic knowledge. Conclusion From our present results，PBL is shown to be an effective approach of medical education. More methods and technology are needed for the evaluation of medical education.

Relationship betweenL-17 and autoimmune diseases

Bi-xia TANG;

2008, 28(1): 94-97.

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IL-17 is the cytokine secreted by the subgroup of CD4+ T cells named Th17. The differentiation, proliferation and cytokine secretion of Th17 are regulated by TGF-β, IL-6, IL-15 and IL-23. IL-17 modulates the production and secretion of proinflammative factors, CXCs, affecting the transfer of neutrophil, the activation and the absorption of bone. It suggests that IL-17 also plays an important role on the development of autoimmune diseases.

Review of the role of Dll4-Notch signaling pathway in angiogenesis

Hei Sio Ao Ming Yuen Lee

2008, 28(1): 98-103.

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Angiogenesis is regulated by complex interactions of multiple activators and inhibitors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling pathway are involved in such process. Previous studies have demonstrated that Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in the embryonic development and tumour angiogenesis. Recent studies have identified the previously unknown role of Dll4-Notch signaling during vascular development and clarified the mechanism of the vascular defects which result reduction of Notch signaling, thus Dll4-Notch became regarded as novel and important drug targets for disrupting tumour angiogenesis. This review emphasizes on introduction of the constitution of Notch signaling pathway, the role of Dll4-Notch in angiogenesis and the significance of Dll4-Notch for tumour therapy.

New serum markers:changing the status in quo of the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

2008, 28(1): 104-108.

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Arthralgia, xerostomia and renal dysfunction

Sheng-quan Tong Dan Liu Min-zhi Li Yun-yun Fei Jun Li

2008, 28(1): 109-112.

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