Abstract: Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) into the dopaminerigic neurons. Methods The numbers of differentiated cells were tested by the methods of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, and the content of dopamine and its metabolits are measured by HPLC-ECD. Result The number of TH positive cells differentiated from BME-induced hMSCs under hypoxic condition increases about 3 times as compared with BME-induced hMSCs under normoxic condition. Furthermore, the content of dopamine (DA) and its derivation homovanillic acid (HVA) synthesized by differentiated cells in hypoxia group are significantly higher than normoxia group (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion Hypoxia could improve the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell into dopaminergic neurons; this provides a new clue for clinical treatment of Parkison's Disease with hMSCs.