Abstract: Microglia are resident immune cells within the brain parenchyma. In physiological conditions, microglia are highly dynamic, expressing multiple immune receptors and neurotransmitter receptors, tightly monitoring the microenvironment of central nervous system (CNS). Major recent developments have revealed these immune cells actively modulate the functions of neurons, potentially affecting neuronal activity and synaptic pruning, contributing to synaptic plasticity, and preventing neurotoxicity. The functional changes of microglia play an important role in the development, maturation and degeneration of the brain.

Key words: microglia, properties, neuron