Abstract: Objective To explore the physiological characteristics and the most common diseases in the people living in the region from North Latitude 53°27′40″to 53°29′30″. Methods A whole sampling design method was used to a population living at the region from North Latitude 53°27′40″to 53°29′30″. All people were included in this study.The inclusion criteria were that all participants were 18 years or older, they were descendants of at least three generations living in the same region, and there was no history of intermarriage. Interviewers administered a simple questionnaire to collect demographic and behavioural risk data. The anthropometric parameters were obtained by the medical examination. The prevalence of some common diseases(such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc). Results 1)1064 people were included in this study, of them, 489(45.96%) were males, mean age (48.8±13.5) year; 575(54.04%) were females, mean age (47.1±13.8) years. The proportion of excessive drinking(more than 4 days in a week, and more than 250g for each day) was 18.14%(193/1064) in the participants. The level of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in males were higher than that in females, they were SBP（126±16）mmHg vs.(120±22) mmHg and（83±10）mmHg vs.(77±13) mmHg（P<0.001）. The levels of TG, UA, AST, ALT and GGT were higher in males than that in females（P<0.01）. Some common diseases: the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and stroke was 22.84%, 19.68%, 18.74%, 17.12% and 4.63%, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal liver function was 26.41% in all participants. Conclusion The priliminary results showed that the main physiological characteristics are high prevalence of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia, and common diseases are hypertention and stroke. Obesity and excessive drinking might be the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease high prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this population.

Key words: Cold environment, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Stroke