Abstract: Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a severe complication that occurs during neutrophil recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is characterized by fever, skin rash, and non-cardiac pulmonary edema. Previously, ES was associated with a high transplant-related mortality, mostly from respiratory failure and associated multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. For ES, early diagnosis and corticosteroid therapy can dramatically decrease transplant-related mortality rate. The authors report a young female patient with Non Hodgkin Lymphoma who presented with fever, dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltration at the time of neutrophil engraftment following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. She was early diagnosed as ES and recovered promptly after treatment with corticosteroid.

Key words: engraftment syndrome, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation