Abstract: The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and/or cryptococcal meningoencephalitis raised in recent years. These diseases often have occult onset and non-specific clinical features, so they are difficult to diagnose. This paper reviewed several related articles in the past few years, and found that combined use of repeated smear of cerebrospinal fluid, latex agglutination test and imageological examination is a good way to diagnose CM. Combined and long-term antifungal therapeutic strategy and surgery operation on occasion can improve the prognosis of CM patients.

Key words: Cryptococcus neoformans, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Antifungal agents, Review

摘要： 近年来新型隐球菌性脑膜炎和（或）脑炎发病率呈逐年上升趋势，因发病隐匿、症状缺乏特异性，故易误诊。经对近年来国内外相关文献总结，笔者认为，对于临床表现为头痛、发热、脑膜刺激征等疑似症状的患者，应反复多次行脑脊液细胞涂片、乳胶凝集试验和影像学检查，尽早明确诊断。对于诊断明确的患者应采用联合、长期抗真菌药物治疗方案，必要时积极采取外科手术治疗，改善患者预后。

关键词: 隐球菌, 新型, 脑膜炎, 脑炎, 抗真菌药, 综述