临床上静滴氯钾较为常见，为了防止高钾血症，通常规定氯化钾的浓度不超过0.23%，滴速每小时不超过lg。本文以此两个极限为依据，举例计算静滴氯化钾在某一浓度时莫菲氏滴管的安全滴速（gtt/min)。此外，还介绍了按不同的病情需要，浓度和滴速可适当调整，及滴注氯化钾时的其它注意事项。

本文介绍了国内外关于银耳的化学研究概况，详述了银耳中所含的化学成分；（1）蛋白质 和氨基酸；（2）酶；（3）多糖。同时，简述了银耳及其提取物的药用概况。

目的 了解不同培养基对福建金线莲种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响。方法 比较6种基本培养基对福建金线莲种子萌发的影响，观察并统计种子萌发率；利用正交设计研究萘乙酸(NAA)、6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对福建金线莲种子萌发形成的幼苗叶片数、茎节数、根数、根长度、株高、鲜重等的影响。结果 不同基本培养基对福建金线莲种子萌发及原球茎分化效果不同，种子在MS培养基上萌发率最高，达60.38%，原球茎在1/2MS培养基上分化成幼苗效果最好；不同植物激素组合对福建金线莲幼苗生长影响无显著性差异，1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1 +6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1效果较好。结论 适宜的培养基能够促进福建金线莲种子的萌发与幼苗生长。

按照胃蛋白酶的理化性质，对其合剂在不同温度、酸度、辅料及产生沉淀等进行了稳定性实验研究，结果发现不加酸胃蛋白酶合剂比加酸胃蛋白酶合剂稳定，为酶酸分开配制找到理论依据和实验基础，从而筛选出不加酸胃蛋白酶合剂最佳处方。在临床试用半年，收到较满意的效果。

高效液相色谱法在医药学中的应用很广。本文介绍该法在疾病的诊断、人体内药物的代谢和药物分析方面的应用。该法与气相色谱法相比有许多优点，分析对热不稳定药物时，可以应用该法，而难以应用气相色谱法。

目的 综述新分子实体（new molecular entity，NME）这一概念的准确含义及其与新药研发的关系。方法 查阅美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）网站资料和相关文献，对新分子实体的含义进行分析、推理和总结。结果 新分子实体与化合物是否已知、药物治疗效果以及药物的质量水平没有关系；新分子实体的开发遵从药物研究的一般要求，虽然开发难度大，但具有一定潜在优势。结论 准确理解新分子实体的含义能够有效避免新药研发中由于概念不清带来的弊端，更好地促进新药研发。

目的 根据大鼠嗜碱性白血病细胞（basophilic leukemia cell line 2H3，RBL-2H3）的生物活性特征和体外培养的特点，对近年来 RBL-2H3 细胞在药理学研究上的应用进行综述。 方法 通过对国内外文献的整理，分析和归纳，较为全面的描述RBL-2H3 细胞在药理学研究上的应用。结果和结论 RBL-2H3 细胞广泛用于研究 FcεRI 结构，以及受体配体反应介导的信号途径及其分子机制的研究，并且作为体外筛选抗过敏药物细胞模型。此外，RBL-2H3 细胞也可用于细胞分泌的生化途径、特定基因功能的研究。RBL-2H3 细胞膜富含受体，离子通道等，为其在仪器分析上的应用提供了有利条件。

作者在采用中国药典1977年版的银量法测定碘化钾的含量时，发现结果比实际投料量偏高。为此，作者对碘化钾含量测定方法进行了比较，结果表明碘酸钾法测定碘化钾的含量，结果准确，且该法具有专一性，不受氯化物干扰等优点。

本文扼要地介绍了快速原子轰击质谱（简称FABMS)的原理、特点和方法以及在极性化合物如抗生素、核苷酸磷酸盐、多肽等化合物上的应用。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lianhua qingwen Capsules in the treatment of respiratory infections and provide evidence-based evaluation reference for clinical practice. METHODS PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and Sinomed were retrieved to collect the systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of Lianhua qingwen Capsules for the treatment of respiratory infections. Two evaluators screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and comprehensively combined and analyzed the evidence information. RESULTS A total of four articles were included, all of which were systematic reviews/Meta-analysis. One of them was for community-acquired pneumonia and three were for influenza. The average methodology quality score was six. For community-acquired pneumonia, Lianhua qingwen Capsules plus conventional treatment improved the efficacy rate, while the time for the disappearance of influenza-like symptoms was shortened, and the differences were statistically significant; there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. For influenza, Lianhua qingwen Capsules could improve the clinical efficacy rate and body temperature efficacy rate compared with Lingyang Ganmao Capsules and Ku Gan granules, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with ribavirin, it could improve the clinical efficacy rate with statistical significance; compared with oseltamivir, it could improve the disappearance time of influenza-like symptoms, among which some had statistically significant differences; compared with paracetamol, caffeine, artificial cow-bezoar and chlorphenamine Maleate Capsules, it could improve the control of body temperature with statistical significance. No serious adverse reactions related to Lianhua qingwen Capsules were reported. CONCLUSION Lianhua qingwen Capsules is effective for the treatment of respiratory infections, with high safety. However, the above conclusions need to be further verified by studies with larger sample sizes.

本文从理论和实践上说明结构已知药物E值简便计算的适用性。作者根据渗透压的依数性，提出了药物的电离校正系数与分子量之比(i/M值)是决定其等渗性质的特征常数；推导并证明了计算通式；基于大多数同类药物i值的相同或相近，建立了实用的分类计算式。文中列表比较了近百种常用药物的简便计算值和表值，使用方便，误差较小。

OBJECTIVE To discuss the effects of Lianhua Qingwen granules plus arbidol on treatment of mild corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). METHODS A total of 295 COVID-19 patients (2020.2.17-2020.3.6) in Wuhan Third Hospital were chosen and randomly assigned to control group (n=148) and observation group (n=147). The control group orally took arbidol and the observation group took Lianhua Qingwen granules and arbidol. TCM symptom scores, white blood count (WBC), lymphocyte count (LYM), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and chest CT review conditions were compared. RESULTS Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than control group ((80.95% vs. 64.86%); severe transfer rate in the observation group was lower than control group (14.29% vs. 23.65%) (P＜0.05); after 7 d of treatment, TCM syndromes like fever, weakness, cough, throat dryness and sore and chest discomfort, CRP and PCT levels in the observation group were significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05); WBC and LYM levels in the observation group were significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05); based on CT review, effective cure rate in the observation group (69.39%) and control group (62.84%) was not significantly different (P＞0.05). Both of groups had no serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSION Lianhua Qingwen granules combined with arbidol can relieve the clinical symptoms, adjust the inflammatory factors, increase the curative effects and reduce the severe transfer rate.

目的 综述近年来纳米金的药用研究进展，为开发纳米金及其相关药物用于疾病治疗提供参考。方法 依据近十年来国内外的文献，就纳米金的药用情况、研究进展和纳米金的毒性等进行归纳、总结。结果与结论 纳米金自身具有生物活性，同时还具有光热效应，也可以作为药物载体使用，3种方式均已用于疾病治疗的研究中。纳米金在艾滋病、肿瘤、帕金森病等疾病治疗研究中已经得到了初步应用，其中抗肿瘤药Aurimune^TM (CYT-6091)已经完成Ⅰ期临床试验，正在进行Ⅱ期临床试验。纳米金的药用研究的发展迅速，显示出良好的应用前景。同时，相关研究表明纳米金具有良好的生物相容性，毒性低，但作为药物方面的应用还有待进一步的评价。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the extraction， purification， preliminary characterization and antitumor activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Ornithogalum caudatum Ait (OCA). METHODS A homogenization polysaccharide (OCAP-2-2) was obtained by hot water extraction， ethanol precipitation and deproteination with Sevag method， then fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose fast-flow column chromatography， and purified by Sephadex G-75 gel-permeation column chromatography. The sugar concentrations in OCAP-2-2 were characterized by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The homogeneity and molecular weight of OCAP-2-2 were determined by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPGPC). The antitumor activity of OCAP-2-2 was evaluated in vivo， by the growth of transplantable S180 sarcoma in mice. The effects of OCAP-2-2 on the proliferation of K562 cells were determined by MTT method in vitro. RESULTS The purified fraction OCAP-2-2 was a homogenization polysaccharide containing 92.3% carbohydrate， 6.21% uronic acid and 3.68% protein， with a molecular weight of 9.84×104. It contained primarily of xylose (Xyl)， glucose (Glc)， mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) in the molar ratio of 1.26∶2.16∶0.88∶1.00. OCAP-2-2 presented significantly higher antitumor activity against solid tumor Sarcoma 180 in vivo than the blank control at the concentrations from 0.1 μg·mL-1 to 100 μg·mL-1. The inhibition rate in S180 mice was （53.16±4.23）% (P＜0.001) at the concentration of 100 μg·mL-1. OCAP-2-2 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells at all tested concentrations. At the concentration of 0.10 μg·mL-1， the inhibition ratio of OCAP-2-2 was the highest with an inhibition ratio beyond （39.83±7.31）% (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION OCAP-2-2 has pronounced anti-tumor activity， and has the potential to be used as a natural antitumor drug.

pH分配假说是说明弱电解质类药物以非离子形式扩散透膜的理论。本文介绍了该假说的主要内容，列举了所运用公式的来源和应用，并举出了4个计算实例。

OBJECTIVE To review the progress on materials with lysosomal escape function. METHODS Based on the original researches in recent years, the structure properties and escape mechanism of materials with lysosomal escape function were introduced in the present paper. RESULTSThe materials which can help the drug/gene to get out of the lysosomes were summarized and classified into two groups in the accordance with their escape mechanism: breaking the lysosomes by raising the osmotic pressure or destabilizing the membrane structure of lysosomes. CONCLUSION The materials with lysosomal escape function, as a novel drug delivery tool, has promising application for the delivery of drug/gene and need to be studied deeply before the materials get widely applied.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protection of tetramethylpyrazine nicolate on oxidative damage in both primary cortical cells and human neuroblastoma cells line(SH-SY5Y).METHODS Both primary cortical cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells line were injured using H₂O₂.The protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine nicolate on nerve cells was observed.RESULTS TMPN increased the injured cells surrival rate,decreased partly the leak of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).TMPN reduced the elevated level of intracellular calcium concentration([Ca²⁺]_i)and malondialdehyde(MDA) induced by oxidative damage,increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the contents of Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) level in injuried cells.CONCLUSION TMPN has potent protection on oxidative damage,its potential mechanism relates to suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the intra-cellular calcium overload.