Two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has become an important way to achieve the separation of complex samples due to higher peak capacity, higher selectivity and better separation ability compared with one-dimensional liquid chromatography(1D-LC). 2D-LC has been developing rapidly in many fields, such as medicine, food, metabolites in vivo or in vitro and so on. This review illustrates various separation modes of 2D-LC and its applications and developments, with emphases on the research of quality control of drugs.
����ϼ, �����, ����, ����ϼ. ��άҺ��ɫ������ҩ������е�Ӧ��[J]. �й�ҩѧ��־, 2019, 54(12): 941-946.
LIU Zhao-xia, ZHOU Ya-nan, HE Lan, DING Li-xia. Application of Two Dimensional Liquid Chromatography in Drug Analysis. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 54(12): 941-946.
ERNI F, FREI R W. Two-dimensional column liquid chromatographic technique for resolution of complex mixture[J]. J Chromatogr A, 1978, 149:561-569.
[2]
WANG Z C, ZHANG Q H, ZHAO Z Y, et al. The switching technigue of two-dimensional liguid chromatography and its applications [J]. Chin J Anal Chem(������ѧ), 2005, 33(5):722-728.
[3]
DUGO P, CACCIOLA F, KUMM T, et al. Comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography: theory and applications[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2008, 1184(1):353-368.
[4]
GILAR M, DALY A E, KELE M, et al. Implications of column peak capacity on the separation of complex peptide mixtures in single-and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1061(2):183-192.
[5]
LIU Z Y, PATTERSON D G, LEE M L. Geometric approach to factor analysis for the estimation of orthogonality and practical peak capacity in comprehensive two-dimensional separations[J]. Anal Chem, 1995, 67(21):3840-3845.
[6]
ESLA P, HAJEK T, JANDERA P. Optimization of two-dimensional gradient liquid chromatography separations[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216(16):3443-3457.
[7]
LIU Z Y, PATTERSON D G, LEE M L. Geometric approach to factor analysis for the estimation of orthogonality and practical peak capacity in comprehensive two-dimensional separations[J]. Anal Chem, 1995, 67(21):3840-3845.
[8]
BAKAIN R A, RIVALS I, SASSIAT P, et al. Comparison of different statistical approaches to evaluate the orthogonality of chromatographic separations:application to reverse phase systems[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2011, 1218(20):2963-2975.
[9]
GILAR M, FRIDRICH J, SCHURE M R, et al. Comparison of orthogonality estimation methods for the two-dimensional separations of peptides[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84(20):8722-8732.
[10]
POURHAGHIGHI M R, KARZAND M, GIRAULT H H. Orthogonality of two-dimensional separations based on conditional entropy[J]. Anal Chem, 2011, 83(20):7676-7681.
[11]
SLONECKERP J, LI X, RIDGWAYT H, et al. Informational orthogonality of two-dimensional chromatographic separations[J]. Anal Chem, 1996, 68(4):682-689.
[12]
GILAR M, OLIVOVA P, DALY A E, et al. Orthogonality of separation in two-dimensional liquid chromatography[J]. Anal Chem, 2005, 77(19):6426-6434.
[13]
GYSEGHEM E V, JIMIDAR M, SNEYERS R, et al. Orthogonality and similarity within silica-based reversed-phased chromatographic systems[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1074(1-2):117-131.
[14]
FORLAY-FRICK P, GYSEGHEM E V, HEBERGER K, et al. Selection of orthogonal chromatographic systems based on parametric and non-parametric statistical tests[J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2005, 539(1):1-10.
[15]
FAN W Z, ZHANG Y, CARR P W, et al. Application of snyder-dolan classification scheme to the selection of "orthogonal" columns for fast screening of illicit drugs and impurity profiling of pharmaceuticals--I. Isocratic elution[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216(38):6587-6599.
[16]
TIAN D, ZHU D L, XU Z Q, et al. Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds in Chuju by two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction/reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection[J]. J Instr Anal(��������ѧ��), 2015, 34(8):917-922.
[17]
MATEJICEK D. Multi heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in water[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2012, 1231:52-58.
[18]
NEUE U D. Theory of peak capacity in gradient elution[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1079(1-2):153-161.
[19]
LAN T, JIAO F L, TANG T. Establishment and application of a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system(NPLC��RPLC)[J]. Chin J Chromatogr(ɫ��), 2008, 26(3):374-377.
[20]
JANDERA P, HAJEK T, STANKOVA M, et al. Optimization of comprehensive two-dimensional gradient chromatography coupling in-line hydrophilic interaction and reversed phase liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2012, 1268:91-101.
[21]
JANDERA P, HAJEK T, CESLA P. Effects of the gradient profile, sample volume and solvent on the separation in very fast gradients, with special attention to the second-dimension gradient in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2011, 1218(15):1995-2006.
[22]
DUGO P, FAVOINO O, LUPPINO R, et al. Comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase (adsorption)-reversed-phase liquid chromatography[J]. Anal Chem, 2004, 76(9):2525-2530.
[23]
ZHANG Y H, ZHANG D W, CAO Y, et al. Simultaneous determination of vitamins A,D in vitamin A and D pharmaceutical by online two-dimensional reverse-phase liquid chromatography[J]. J Instr Anal(��������ѧ��),2016, 35(1):28-34.
[24]
MURPHY R E, SCHURE M R, FOLEY J P. Effect of sampling rate on resolution in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography[J]. Anal Chem, 1998, 70(8):1585-1594.
[25]
LIU Y M, GUO Z M, JIN Y, et al. "Click oligo(ethylene glycol)":an excellent orthogonal stationary phase to C18 for two-dimensional reversed-phase/reversed-phase liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2008, 1206(2):153-159.
[26]
FRANCOIS I, CABOOTER D, SANDRA K, et al. Tryptic digest analysis by comprehensive reversed phasextwo reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC��2RP-LC) at different pH��s[J]. J Sep Sci, 2009, 32(8):1137-1144.
[27]
QIAO X, SONG W, JI S, et al. Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds andtriterpenoid saponins in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) using mobilephase-dependent reversed-phase �� reversed-phase comprehensivetwo-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with massspectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2015, 1402:36-45.
[28]
QIAO X, WANG Q, SONG W, et al. A chemical profiling solution for Chinese medicine formulas using comprehensive and loop-based multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2016, 1438:198-204.
[29]
GILAR M, OLIVOVA P, DALY A E, et al. Two-dimensional separation of peptides using RP-RP-HPLC system with different pH in first and second separation dimensions[J]. J Sep Sci, 2015, 28(14):1694-1703.
[30]
YAO C L, YANG W Z, WU W Y, et al. Simultaneous quantitation of five Panax notoginseng, saponins by multi heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography: method development and application to the quality control of eight notoginseng containing Chinese patent medicines[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2015, 1402:71-81.
[31]
MINSHULL T C, COLE J, DOCKRELL D H, et al. Analysis of histone post translational modifications in primary monocyte derived macrophages using reverse phase��reverse phase chromatography in conjunction with porous graphitic carbon stationary phase[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2016, 1453:43-53.
[32]
MENA-BRAVO A, PRIEGO-CAPOTE F, CASTRO L D. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for vitamin D metabolite profiling including the C3-epimer-25-monohydroxyvitamin D3[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2016, 1451:50-57.
[33]
ZHANG Y, JIN H L, LI X L, et al. Separation and characterization of bufadienolides in toad skin using two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography A reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2016, 1026:67-74.
[34]
WANG X Y, LI J F, JIAN Y M, et al. On-line comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase liquidchromatography��reversed-phase liquid chromatography forpreparative isolation of Peucedanumpraeruptorum[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2015, 1387:60-68.
[35]
LI J F, FANG H, YAN X, et al. On-line comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography��reversed-phase liquid chromatography for preparative isolation of toad venom[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2016, 1456:169-175.
[36]
CACCIOLA F, DELMONTE P, JAWORSKA K, et al. Employing ultra high pressure liquid chromatography as the second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional system for analysis of Stevia rebaudiana extracts[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2011, 1218(15):2012-2018.
[37]
YANG W Z, ZHANG J X, YAO C L, et al. Method development and application of offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-fast data directed analysis for comprehensive characterization of the saponins from Xueshuantong Injection[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 128:322-332.
[38]
SUN W Y, TONG L, MIAO J Z, et al. Separation and analysis of phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza and its related preparations by off-line two-dimensional hydrophilicinteraction chromatography �� reversed-phase liquid chromatographycoupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2016, 1431:79-88.
[39]
GOLIZEH M, GEIB T, SLENO L. Identification of 4-hydroxynonenal protein targets in rat, mouse and human liver microsomes by two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom,2016, 30(13):1488-1494.
[40]
LI Y, GU C, GRUENHAGEN J, et al. A size exclusion-reversed phase two dimensional-liquid chromatography methodology for stability and small molecule related species in antibody drug conjugates[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2015, 1393:81-88.
[41]
LI Y, STELLA C, ZHENG L, et al. Investigation of low recovery in the free drug assay for antibody drug conjugates by size exclusion��reversed phase two dimensional-liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr B, 2016, 1032:112-118.
[42]
WANG Y, KONG L, HU L H, et al. Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-linecomprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography[J]. J Chromatogr B, 2007, 860(2):185-194.
[43]
CHEN X F, CAO Y, ZHANG H, et al. Comparative normal/failing rat myocardium cell membrane chromatographic analysis system for screening specific components that counteract doxorubicin-induced heart failure from Acontium carmichaeli[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86(10):4748-4757.
[44]
JIA D, CHEN X F, CAO Y, et al. On-line comprehensive two-dimensional HepG2 cell membrane chromatographic analysis system for charactering anti-hepatoma components from rat serum after oral administration of Radix Scutellariae: a strategy for rapid screening active compounds in vivo[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 118:27-33.
[45]
YANG Y, ROSALES-CONRADO N, GUILLEN-CASLA V, et al. Chiral determination of salbutamol, salmeterol and atenolol by two-dimensional LC-LC: application to urine samples[J]. Chromatographia, 2012, 75(23-24):1365-1375.
[46]
VVENKATRAMANI C J, WIGMAN L, MISTRY K, et al. Simultaneous, sequential quantitative achiral-chiral analysis by two-dimensional liquid chromatography[J]. J Sep Sci, 2015, 35(14):1748-1754.
[47]
SONG Y L, JING W H, DU G, et al. Qualitative analysis and enantiospecific determination of angular-type pyranocoumarins in Peucedani Radix using achiral and chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A,2014, 1338:24-37.