摘要
目的 研究栽培肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola Ma）的繁育系统和传粉昆虫，明确栽培条件肉苁蓉的繁育系统类型和传粉昆虫种类。方法 运用田间定位观测、杂交指数（OCI）、花粉胎珠比（P/O）；田间人工授粉实验等方法综合判定肉苁蓉的繁育系统类型，并对访花昆虫行为进行初步观察和采集鉴定。结果 肉苁蓉OCI为4；P/O为292.78，人工异株异花传粉结实率最高，平均结实率为79.1%，种子饱满度达82.2%，未发现孤雌生殖等现象。初步鉴定肉苁蓉访花昆虫共计43种，隶属6目16科，以膜翅目昆虫种类最多，占65.1%。其中传粉昆虫有6科27种，24种属膜翅目的蜜蜂总科，其余3种为双翅目的食蚜蝇科，主要有意大利蜜蜂、阿尔泰原木蜂、盗条蜂、黑白条蜂等。结论 肉苁蓉的繁育系统属于异交类型，需要传粉者；栽培肉苁蓉传粉昆虫种类丰富，保证了较高的田间结实率。
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the breeding system and insect pollinators of C. deserticola and to provide theory basis for seed production and breeding of C. deserticola. METHODS Different parameters including pollen viability， stigma pollination period， the total value of OCI， the value of P/O and experimentation in the field were applied to evaluate the breeding system. The behavior and species of pollinating and other foraging insects were preliminary studied and identified. RESULTS The OCI was 4， and the pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） was 292.78. The mean seed setting percentage and seed plumpness of xenogamy were 78.99% and 82.2% respectively， which were the higest among all treatments. By preliminary appraisal， there were 42 pollinating or foraging insect species belonging to 6 orders and 16 families， among which， 65.1% were from hymenoptera. The pollinating insects consisted of 27 species from 2 orders and 6 families， among which 24 species were from hymenoptera and 3 species from diptera. The main pollinators including Apis mellifera， Proxylocopa altaica， Anthophora plagiata and Anthophora erschowi. CONCLUSION The breeding system of C. deserticola should be cross-pollinating and need pollinators. The pollinators of cultivated C. deserticola are abundant， which is the guarantee of high seed setting percentage.
关键词
肉苁蓉 /
栽培 /
繁育系统 /
花粉-胚珠比 /
访花昆虫
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Key words
Cistanche deserticola /
cultivation /
breeding system /
pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） /
insect pollinator
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徐荣 王霞 陈君 马维思 徐环李 刘同宁.
栽培肉苁蓉的繁育系统和传粉昆虫种类研究[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2011, 46(14): 1049-1052
XU Rong;WNG Xi;CHEN Jun;M Wei-si;XU Hun-li;LIU Tong-ning.
Study on Breeding System and Insect Pollinator Species of Cultivated Cistanche deserticola[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011, 46(14): 1049-1052
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