[1] SETCHELL K D R，CASSIDY A. Dietary isoflavones： biological effects and relevance to human health[J] . J Nutr，1999，129(3)：758S-767S. [2] SARKAR F H，LI Y W. Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by soy isoflavone genistein[J] .Cancer Metastasis Rev，2002，21(3-4)：265-280. [3] KANG H J，ANSBACHER R，HAMMOUD M M. Use of alternative and complementary medicine in menopause[J] . Int J Gynecol Obstet，2002，79(3)：195-207. [4] HEDLUND T E，JOHANNES W U，MILLER G J. Soy isoflavonoidequol modulates the growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells in vitro[J] . Prostate，2003，54(1)：68-78. [5] DUNCAN A M，MERZ-DEMLOW B E，XU X，et al. Premenopausal equol excretors show plasma hormone profiles associated with lowered risk of breast cancer[J] . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev，2000，9(6)：581-586. [6] HWANG J，WANG J，MORAZZONI P，et al. The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production： an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification[J] . Free Radical Bio Med，2003，34(10)：1271-1282. [7] ATKINSON C，SKOR H E，FITZGIBBONS E D，et al. Urinary equol excretion in relation to 2-hydroxyestrone and 16α-hydroxyestrone concentrations： an observational study of young to middle-aged women[J] .J Steroid Biochem，2003，86(1)：71-77. [8] SETCHELL K D R，BROWN N M，LYDEKING-OLSEN E. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol -a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones[J] . J Nutr，2002，132(12)：3577-3584. [9] HEINONEN S M，WAHALA K，LIUKKONEN K H，et al. Studies of the in vitro intestinal metabolism of isoflavones aid in the identification of their urinary metabolites[J] . J Agric Food Chem，2004，52(9)：2640-2646. [10] LUND T D，MUNSON D J，HALDY M E，et al. Equol is a novel anti-androgen that inhibits prostate growth and hormone feedback[J] .Biol Reprod，2004，70(4)：1188-1195. [11] MUTHYALA R S，JU Y H，SHENG S B，et al. Equol，a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones： convenient preparation and resolution of R-and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta[J] . Bioorg Med Chem，2004，12(6)：1559-1567. [12] SETCHELL K D R，BROWN N M，DESAI P，et al. Bioavailability of pure isoflavones in healthy humans and analysis of commercial soy isoflavone supplements[J] . J Nutr，2001，131(Suppl 4)：1362S-1375S. [13] ZUBIK L，MEYDANI M. Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone and glucoside forms in American women[J] . Am J Clin Nutr，2003，77(6)：1459-1465. [14] SETCHELL K D R，BROWN N M，ZIMMER-NECHEMIAS L，et al. Evidence for lack of absorption of soy isoflavone glycosides in humans，supporting the crucial role of intestinal metabolism for bioavailability[J] . Am J Clin Nutr，2002，76(2)：447-453. [15] HUR H G，LAY JR J O，BEGER R D，et al. Isolation of human intestinal bacteria metabolizing the natural isoflavone glycosides daidzin and genistin[J] . Arch Microbiol，2000，174(6)：422-428. [16] WATANABE S，UESUGI S，KIKUCHI Y. Isoflavones for prevention of cancer，cardiovascular diseases，gynecological problems and possible immune potentiation[J] . Biomed Pharmacother，2002，56(6)：302-312. [17] L′HOMME R，BROUWERS E，AL-MAHARIK N，et al. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of plasma and urine O-desmethylangolensin[J] . J Steroid Biochem，2002，81(4-5)：353-361. [18] BOWEY E，ADLERCREUTZ H，ROWLAND I. Metabolism of isoflavones and lignans by the gut microflora： a study in germ-free and human flora associated rats[J] . Food Chem Toxicol，2003，41(5)：631-636. [19] MAUBACH J，BRACKE M E，HEYERICK A，et al. Quantitation of soy-derived phytoestrogens in human breast tissue and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography[J] . J Chromatogr B，2003，784(1)：137-144. [20] TAMURA M，HIRAYAMA K，ITOH K，et al. Effects of soy protein-isoflavone diet on plasma isoflavone and intestinal microflora in adult mice[J] . Nutr Res，2002，22(6)：705-713. [21] ROWLAND I R，WISEMAN H，SANDERS T A B，et al. Interindividual variation in metabolism of soy isoflavones and lignans： Influence of habitual diet on equol production by the gut microflora[J] . Nutr Cancer，2000，36(1)：27-32. [22] BLAIR R M，APPT S E，FRANKE A A，et al. Treatment with antibiotics reduces plasma equol concentration in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)[J] . J Nutr，2003，133(7)：2262-2267. [23] MORTON M S，ARISAKA O，MIYAKE N，et al. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum from Japanese men and women over forty years of age[J] . J Nutr，2002，132(10)：3168-3171. [24] AKAZA H，MIYANAGA N，TAKASHIMA N，et al. Comparisons of percent equol producers between prostate cancer patients and controls： case-controlled studies of isoflavones in Japanese，Korean and American residents[J] . Jpn J Clin Oncol，2004，34(2)：86-89. [25] ECKBURG P B，BIK E M，BERNSTEIN C N，et al. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora[J] . Science，2005，308(5728)：1635-1638. [26] WANG X L，HUR H G，LEE J H，et al. Enantioselective synthesis of S-equol from dihydrodaidzein by a newly isolated anaerobic human intestinal bacterium[J] . Appl Environ Microbiol，2005，71(1)：214-219. [27] SETCHELL K D R，CLERICI C，LEPHART E D，et al. S-Equol，a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta，is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial floral[J] . Am J Clin Nutr，2005，81(5)：1072-1079. [28] FRANKENFELD C L，MCTIERNAN A，TWOROGER S S，et al. Serum steroid hormones，sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations，and urinary hydroxylated estrogen metabolites in post-menopausal women in relation to daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes[J] . J Steroid Biochem，2004，88(4-5)：399-408. [29] ARORA A，NAIR M G，STRASBURG G M. Antioxidant activities of isoflavones and their biological metabolites in a liposomal system[J] . Arch Biochem Biophys，1998，356(2)：133-141. [30] XU M J. Comparative studies on the conten t of isoflavone of different soybean cultivar sprouts[J] . Acta Nutr Sin(营养学报)，2002，24(4)：444-446. [31] KOSTELAC D，RECHKEMMER G，BRIVIBA K. Phytoestrogens modulate binding response of estrogen receptors α and β to the estrogen response element[J] . J Agric Food Chem，2003，51(26)：7632-7635.