Basic & Clinical Medicine

Prospect of medical genetics in China from a historical point of view

2008, 28(5): 417-418.

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RYK expression changes during the developmental projection of corticospinal tract pathway in mice

Tian-feng LIANG; Xin LI; Yao-hua LI; Shun YU; Yao-bo LIU

2008, 28(5): 419-422.

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Objective To study the expression pattern of RYK in the pathway of developmental corticospinal tract projection and provide hints for further study on RYK's function involved in this processes. Method By In situ and immuno- fluorescence histochemistry, we thoroughly checked the RYK expression pattern in the developmental mice motor cortex and the projection of corticospinal tract at various time points of E14.5、 E16 、E18.5 and postnatal P3、 P5、P7. Results We found in the motor cortex the RYK expression started at E18.5 stage and enhanced gradually at P0 stage. Moreover from P0 to P5 stage the RYK expression also appeared in the pathway of developmental corticospinal tract and decreased gradually after that. Conclusion RYK's expression is closely related to the corticospinal tract projection during the development stage.

Effects on acute local cerebral ischemia Models in rats by interventional administration of L-Arginine or Nitroglycerin

Xiang-yu PIAO; Chang-kai SUN; Hui MA; Pei-yang ZHOU

2008, 28(5): 423-427.

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Object to observe the effects of treating acute ischemic stroke in rats by interventional administration of nitric oxide precurcer L-Arginine or nitric oxide donor Nitroglycerin . Method The right middle cerebral arteries of rats were occluded by insertion of a suture to duplicate ischemia-reperfusion models . Forty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: MCAO group(n=12) ;sham operation group(n=6) ; NG group (n=12) ; L-Arg group (n=12)，intracarotid arteries administrated respectively by NS、NS、NGand ARG.The four groups were subdivided into 2 groups according to reperfusion time (3h and 24h),measurement of Longa scores, NO2-/NO3- in serum, HE staining and immunohistochemical （SABC）method were utilized to assess the changes of ischemic brain tissues in different groups . Result OX -42 positive cells count of cortex and CA3 area of hippocampal: OX -42 positive cells were found ， their features could be seen at 3h after reperfusion . 24h the response of microglias was obvious , The volume and the number of the cells increased ( p<0.001) . NG group 3h and 24h, the microglias could be found unclearly , the number was little (P<0.05). L-Arg group 3h and 24h, the number was also little(P<0.05). Conclusion Interventional administration of NO precursor/donator has showed significant protective function to acute ischemia sroke in rats.

Activation of SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis Induces Proliferation, Migration, and Tubulogenesis of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Fei-lan CHEN; Hua-rong ZHANG; Cheng-ping XU; Xiu-wu BIAN

2008, 28(5): 428-431.

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objective To explore the effect of chemokine SDF-1 on the proliferation, migration and in vitro of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods The expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 on EPCs was detected with immunocytochemistry. Proliferation, migration and in vitro tubulogenesis of EPCs were detected by MTT, Millicell chemotaxis and three-diamensional in vitro Matrigel assays, respectively. When activation or inactivation of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis with CXCR4 ligand SDF-1 or CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Results SDF-1 and CXCR4 were expressed on EPCs. SDF-1 induced proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis of EPCs. However, AMD3100 abolished the effects induced by SDF-1. Conclusion The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis possibly plays a critical role in regulating vasculogenesis of EPCs

Migration and neural differentiation potential of rat bone marrow stromal cells

Chun-li DUAN; Man JI; Xiao-hong SUN; Chun-li ZHAO; Hui YANG

2008, 28(5): 432-435.

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Objective To investigate the potential of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) to migrate and differentiate into the neural cells in vivo. Methods bMSCs were isolated by a density gradient (lymphocytes separation) from rats' limbs. After culturing for 8 to 10 days in primary culture, the bMSCs were transduced by retrovirus supernatants of EGFP from PT67 cells. The transduced bMSCs were then selected by G418. After being selected for 7 to 10 days, bMSCs could stably express EGFP. Then these bMSCs marked by EGFP were transplanted into the striatum of injured rats by tail veins or lateral ventricle. Results bMSCs were observed in the brain and capable of the morphology of neural cells and expressing some neural antigens. Conclusion Our findings suggest the migration and neural differentiation potential of bone mensenchymal stem cells and the potential use of bMSCs for a cell therapy in CNS diseases.

Trastuzumab decreases the proliferating role on endothelium induced by TCM from MDA-MB-231

Ai-ling LI; Quan-cai CUI; Hong-wei LI; Jie SHI; Qiang SUN; Chun-ling ZHANG; Rui-juan XIU

2008, 28(5): 436-440.

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Objective To investigate the effect of trastuzumab, a special blocker of epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2) on proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to tumor conditioned medium(TCM). Methods HUVECs were cultured and exposed to TCM, and trastuzumab was used as an intervention. Then their proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by MTT and flow cytometery(FCM). Intra-tumor microvessel density (MVD) and HER-2 expression were tested by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Results Following the stimulation of MDA-CM, HUVECs showed higher proliferating and anti-apoptotic ability(P<0.05). Trastuzumab relieved the above roles significantly((P<0.05), while trastuzumab didn't affect HUVEC's growth directly. Among 35 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma, 19 cases were HER-2 negative with an area density of MVD (0.72±0.77 and count density(33.83±0.11/mm2), 16 cases were positive with a relative higher value( 0.74±0.11 and 36.42±5.65/mm2 respectively), the discrepancy has no significance. Conclusion Trastuzumab could decrease the proliferating and anti-apoptotic role on endothelium induced by TCM from MDA-MB-231.

Effects of suppressed High Mobility group box 1 expression by siRNA on human prostatic carcinoma cells line PC-3

Deng-xin SONG; An-min CHEN; Feng-jin GUO; Bo-zhen XIE; Hui LIAO; Bo ZHU; Chao CHEN

2008, 28(5): 441-445.

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Objective To study the inhibition effect of small interfering RNAs(siRNA) on the High Mobility Group Box-1 gene expression in PC-3 cells, and to study the inhibitory effect on invasion and metabasis of PC-3. Method First to construct eukaryotic expression vector carrying Pgenesil-1/HMGB1siRNA，then the vector was transfected into PC-3 and the positive colonise were screened by G418. The HMGB1 expression of PC-3 cells before and after transfection was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The abilities of migration and invasion were examined by scratch method, transwell and gel zymography. Results The recombinant plasmid Pgenesil-1/HMGB1siRNA was successfully constructed. The introduction of Pgenesil-1/HMGB1siRNA was showed to efficiently and specifically inhibit the expression of HMGB1 gene according to the results of RT-PCR and Western blot, and there was a significant difference between the siRNA transfected group and the control groups (P＜0.05). The migration and invasion of the Pgenesil-1/HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly lower than that of the control groups(P＜0.05). Conclusion Pgenesil-1/HMGB1siRNA can specially suppress the expression of HMGB1 gene in PC-3 cells and effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of PC-3 and it provides a new method and material to the biological therapy of cancer.

Effect of arsenic trioxide on anti-dsDNA antibody and lymphocyte subsets proliferation in splenic cells of lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice

Xiao-bin WANG; Shen-hui ZHANG; Xian-fei ZOU; Yan ZHOU; Xiao-chun ZHU; Chao-sheng CHEN

2008, 28(5): 446-449.

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Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on anti-dsDNA antibody and lymphocyte subsets proliferation in splenic cells of MRL/lpr mice. Methods The MRL/lpr mice were divided into three groups: ATO group (0.4mg/kg·d, ip), sodium chloride (NS) group (0.25ml,ip), and cyclophosphamide (CTX) group (50mg/kg·qw, ip). The additional control group consisted of 12 syngeneic normal C57/BL mice, which were divided into two groups: ATO group (0.4mg/kg·d, ip) and NS group (0.25ml,ip). Each group contains 6 mice. After two months' treatment, all mice were killed and their bodies and spleens were weighed. The levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum were detected by ELISA. The percentages of different cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. Results (1)The spleen index、serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody and the percentages of CD19+、CD3+、CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes in ATO group were much lower than that in NS group of MRL/lpr mice(P<0.01or P<0.05), while the percentage of NK cells was the higher (P<0.05). (2)The spleen index and the percentages of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes in ATO group were obviously lower than that in CTX group of MRL/lpr mice(P<0.01). The serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody is lower both in ATO group and CTX group, and it is was higher in ATO group than that in CTX group(P=0.033). (3)There was no difference between ATO group and NS group in C57/BL mice(P>0.05). Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can inhibit the activation of T and B lymphocytes, increase the percentage of NK cell and reduce the serum level of auto-antibody. And it was of no effect in the normal mice.

Up-regulated expression of co-stimulatory molecule B7-H1 in gastric carcinoma

Shu-man LIU; Qian-ru LI; Wei ZHANG; Yi-ling WANG; Qing MENG; Zhan-ju LIU

2008, 28(5): 450-454.

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Objective To study the expression of B7-H1 in gastric mucosa of patients with gastric carcinoma， and to identify its relationship with neoplasm metastasis and prognosis. Methods Expression of B7-H1 in gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 and in freshly-resected gastric mucosa including gastric carcinoma, adjacent tumor tissue and distal normal gastric mucosa were determined by flow cytometric analysis, immunochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Moreover, the correlated data was analyzed statistically. And so the correlation between the expression level of B7-H1 and the patients, clinicopathological parameters was established. Results B7-H1 expression was detected in SGC-7901 cell line. And B7-H1 was found to localize in cell membrane and little cytoplasm. The positive rate of B7-H1 expression in gastric carcinoma was (13/21)62％, and it was (7/21)33％ in adjacent tumor tissue, Whereas B7-H1 was absent in distal normal gastric mucosa. The statistical analysis showed positive correlations between B7-H1 expression in gastric carcinoma and the depth of carcinoma infiltration, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage (P < 0. 05). Conclusion B7-H1 molecule may be used as a new indicator to diagnose gastric carcinoma on early stage and to predict prognosis of this disease.

Pseudolaric acid B inhibits cell growth of human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro

Ai-guo MENG; jun SHI; Chun-yan LIU; Hua YIN; Ling-ling JIANG;

2008, 28(5): 455-459.

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Objective To investigate the effect of pseudolaric acid B (PLAB) on cell growth of human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods The expression of PPARγ was detected by RT-PCR; the effect of PLAB on cell growth was tested by MTT; Hoechst33342/PI and DNA gel electrolysis were employed to examine on apoptosis; cell cycle was checked by flow cytometry. Results : When treated with 0.1～10 μmmol/L PLAB for 72 h, the proliferation of MGC803 cells was significantly inhibited. The proportion of MGC803 cells at G2 phase was significantly increased when treated with 10μmmol/L PLAB after 48 h, and showed an apparent G2 phase arrest. When treated with PLAB for 72 h, typical apoptotic changes were observed. The expression of PPARγ was at a low level in MGC803 cells and up-regulated when treated with 10μmmol/L PLAB for 48 h （P<0.01）. Conclusion: Activation of PPARγ induces G2 phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro.

Rapamycin inhibits activation of Stat3 in kidney tissue of IgA nephropathy rats

Zan-hua RONG; Hui-jun DUAN; Jun HAO; Chen WANG; Yong-hong SHI

2008, 28(5): 460-464.

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Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on p-JAK2,STAT3, p-STAT3 and PCNA in ranal tissue of IgAN rats.Methods Establish animal models of IgA nephropathy .The experiment is devided into control group,IgAN model group,losartan group and rapamycin group.The clinical efficacy of rapamycin,and its influences on the protein and mRNA expressions of STAT3,p-STAT3,p-JAK2 and PCNA were determined by western blot,RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques,respectively. Results The protein and mRNA expressions of p-STAT3, STAT3, p-JAK2 and PCNA were significantly increased in kidney tissue of IgAN rats. (p<0.01);Rapamycin down-regulationed these excessive expressions. ( p<0.01). Conclution Rapamycin may extenuate the pathological change of IgAN rats by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway, activation of STAT3 and mesangial proliferation.

Role of TRAF2 in AP-1 signaling pathway in human B cells

2008, 28(5): 465-468.

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Objective To investigate the role of TRAF2 on AP-1 signaling pathway in human B cells. Methods Human Ramos B cells were transfected with plasmids expressing YFP fusion wild type TRAF2 (YFP-WT-TRAF2) or YFP fusion dominant-negative TRAF2 (DN-TRAF2), or transfected with shRNA-TRAF2 and control shRNA plasmid. After cultured overnight, cells were either sorted with flowcytometry or screened by antibiotics G418. Activation of AP-1 pathway, including phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and P38, as well as nuclear translocation of AP-1 subunits were detected by western blot and ELISA. Results Overexpression of WT-TRAF2 selectively induced activition of MAPK by phosphorylation of ERK and P38,and further induced nuclear translocation of c-fos. Moreover, both overexpression of DN-TRAF2 and shRNA-TRAF2 transfected cells inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and P38,and nuclear translocation of c-fos. Conclusion TRAF2 selectively activates some kinases in CD40 mediated AP-1 signaling pathway, and plays an important role in AP-1 activation.

Effects of PIAS3 knocking down on proliferation and apoptosis of prostate carcinoma cell

2008, 28(5): 469-472.

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Objective To study the effects of PIAS3 knocking down on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell line DU145. Methods PIAS3 specific short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expressing plasmid was constructed and named pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.DU145 cell was transfected with pSilencer4.1/PIAS3. The proliferation of DU145 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis of DU145 cells were analyzed by flowcytometry. Results PIAS3 shRNA expressing plasmid was constructed succefully,confirmed by sequencing.Expression of PIAS3 in DU145 was reduced significantly after pSilencer4.1/PIAS3 transfection. MTT assay shown accelerated proliferation after PIAS3 knocking down,and shown dose-effect curve. Flowcytometry shown cells in S phase increased,cells in G0/G1 decreased and percentage of apoptotic cells decreased after PIAS3 knocking down.Conclusion The knocking down of PIAS3 expression could accelerate DU145 cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis.

Curcumin inhibits telomerase activity in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells in vitro

2008, 28(5): 473-476.

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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on telomerase activity of HeLa cells. Methods The growth inhibition rate of HeLa cells treated with curcumin was measured with MTT method. The expression of hTERT mRNA was studied using RT-PCR. Telomerse activity was examined by TRAP-ELISA. Results The growth of HeLa cells treated with curcumin was inhibited in concentration dependent manner and the expression of hTERT mRNA and the level of telomerase activity were down-regulated significantly. Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit telomerase activity of HeLa cells.The underlying mechanism might be related to the down-regulation of hTERT transcription.

Isolation, purification and biological characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in neonate mice

Nan ZHAO; Jun LIU; Hong GAO; Jian-chang CEN; Jiang-xia PANG; Yan-hua WANG; Zhong-tang FENG

2008, 28(5): 477-481.

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Objective To investigate the biological characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in neonate mice. Methods OECs were isolated from postnatal 1-2 days ICR mice olfactory bulbs. The primarily cultured OECs were with the treatment of method based on the rates of attachment, arabinoside cytosine (Ara-C) and bFGF, and OECs were analyzed by means of immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results Most OECs are bipolar or tripolar, and the purity was estimated to be over 88.7%. The non- OECs cells consists of astrocytes (＜3%), neurons (＜1%), oligodendrocytes (＜1%) and fibroblas. Positive staining of P75NGFR, NGF, BDNF and CNPase was observed in OECs by immunocytochemistry, but GFAP and Nestin was not. The result of RT-PCR showed that OECs could express mRNA of β-NGF, BDNF, NT-3, PDGF-B, bFGF, EGF, trkA and trkB, but not NT-4. Conclusions The partial datum of morphology, immunocytochemistry and molecular biology of OECs were procured in this study. But it needs a further research whether the age of neonate mice or culture conditions have effects on OECs.

Dexamethasone inhibits expression of aquaporin－4 of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium in rabbit

2008, 28(5): 480-486.

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Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the expression of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in rabbit non-pigmented ciliary epithelium(NPCE). Methods Firstly to construct rabbit corticosteroid-induced glaucoma model and then contrast the differences of AQP4 expression in NPCE with normal controls by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods, as well as western blot method. Results The immunohistochemistry tests indicated that the AQP4 expression in NPCE of DEX group (OD=0.119±0.072) was suppressed than normal controls (0.242±0.056) (p<0.05). After some time the IOP decreased some of above changes gradually recovered (0.119±0.072), so did the western blot tests. Conclusions DEX increased IOP by changing the expression of AQP4 in NPCE and that may be one of the reasons to cause corticosteroid-induced glaucoma.

A premeliary study on the relationship between the plasma levels of TRIAL and DR5 and atherosclerosis

Man-yi REN; Shu-jian SUI; Yun ZHANG; Fu-yu XU; Wei-hong MA

2008, 28(5): 487-491.

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Aim：To explore the relationship between the levels of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death recrptor 5 (DR5) and atherosclerosis(AS). Methods：The 83 patients were divided into two groups: 61 in the coronary artery disease (AS) group and 22 in the nonAS group. Plasma TRAIL and DR5 levels from these people were assayed by ELISA. The 20 sections from coronary arteries were also divided into two groups: 10 in each group. The levels of TRAIL and DR5 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemisty statining. Results：Plasma TRAIL and DR5 levels were significantly increased in the ACS group （1293.30pg/ml±138.17pg/ml vs.333.11 pg/ml±246.15 pg/ml, P=0.000；43.08 pg/ml±16.19 pg/ml vs.34.70pg/ml±13.68 pg/ml, P=0.033）. Plasma TRAIL and DR5 levels in patients with 3-vessel involved CAD were significantly higher than those in patients with no- and 1-vessel. So was patients with 2-vessel. Both TRAIL and DR5 were found expressed in endochylema of vascular smooth muscle cell. TRAIL protein expression was also detected in macrophage. There was a markedly higher expression in AS group than nonAS group(65.48±1.27 vs. 18.66±1.02, P<0.01 and 60.23±1.09 vs.30.15±1.16，P<0.05, respectively） Conclusions：TRAIL were expressed in endochylema of macrophage. Both TRAIL and DR5 may contribute to the development of AS. The higher levels of plasma TRAIL and DR5, the greater the degress of coronary arteries lesions would be.

Hypoxia dependent HIF-1α to upregulate the expression of HPA in human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3

Cai-xia YUAN; Shuang GU; Shu-hong ZHANG; Xiang-ning ZHANG

2008, 28(5): 492-496.

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Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor- 1α ( HIF-1α) and heparanase ( HPA), and their relationship during hypoxia in human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 . Methods SKOV3 cells were incubated in different groups ,immucytochemistry was applied to qualitatively assay HPA protein, western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α and HPA, and mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Results The positive expression of HPA localized in cytoplasma. Western-blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of HIF-1α was significantly increased (P<0.05) under hypoxia for 12h, and remained at high level for 24h and 36h(P<0.05) . Compared with the unchanged mRNA expression of HIF-1α , rapamycin couldn't chang the tendency, however, it inhibited the up-regulation of HIF-1α protein expression. Meanwhile the protein and mRNA expression of HPA remained the increasing tendency markly (P<0.05) during 12-36h period. And HPA expression was also decreased abundantly after utilizing rapamycin . Conclusions Hypoxia promotes the expression of HPA through the HIF-1α pathway ,which plays an important role in the metastasis of ovarian cancer.

α-Synuclein inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter activity

Nan GAO; Yao-hua LI; Shun YU; Xin LI; Biao CHEN

2008, 28(5): 497-498.

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Changes of Serum Hydrogen sulfide and Nitric Oxide in patients with Hepatocirrhosis

Yong-jian ZHANG; Yong DENG; Hai-ning FAN; Zhi WANG; Gen-lin LU; Ge-rili

2008, 28(5): 499-500.

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Sodium Selenite reduced the injuryof motor neurons in spinal cord of Rabbits following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

Xian-bing CHEN; Ming-hui DENG

2008, 28(5): 501-503.

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Losartan decreases the expression VEGF in rat kidney after unilateral uretreal obstruction

Hua-heng XU; Zhi-guo SU; Li-hua LI; Zhong-hai ZHOU

2008, 28(5): 504-506.

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Clinicopathologic and prognostic study on 404 cases of colon cancer

Yang LU; Bo LIU; Jun-xu REN; Jing-fang WU; Po ZHAO; Gang XUE

2008, 28(5): 507-510.

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Objective This study was undertaken to identify clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors through a retrospective analysis of 404 colon cancer patients. Methods A total of 404 patients (209 of them were followed up with inquisition) with colonl cancer, which were treated surgically during a period from 1993 to 2003, were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results ⑴ Using univariate analysis age of patients, differentiation degree of the tumors, lymphatic invasion, abdominal and distant metastases, TNM stage and adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with outcome. ⑵Using multivariate analysis only abdominal and distant metastases and TNM stage were associated with prognosis. Conclusions Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent prognostic factors: abdominal and distant metastases and TNM stage.

Research progress on the DNA vaccine of HSP70 fused with tumor antigen gene

Jin-bao ZONG; Xue-mei XU

2008, 28(5): 512-515.

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A variety of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)-associated therapeutic vaccines have been developed in anti-tumor immunotherapy, including protein vaccine, peptide vaccine, tumor cell vaccine and DNA vaccine, etc, in which HSP70-fused DNA vaccine attracts our attention with its superiority, it not only induces consistent anti-tumor immune response but also helps sustain immune memory. In this article we reviewed the function and application of HSP70 in the therapeutic tumor DNA vaccine.

Roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

2008, 28(5): 516-518.

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Parkinson's disease（PD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the elderly. Astrocyte may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. On the one hand, it may play a protective role in PD by releasing neurotrophic factors and glutathione to support the survival of dopaminergic neurons. On the other hand, astrocyte may also release proinflammatory cytokines to promote the development of PD.

Senescence is a defensive mechasim against oncogene-induced tumorigenesis

Qian SUN; Hong-bing ZHANG

2008, 28(5): 519-522.

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Cellular senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that may prevent aged or abnormal cells from further expansion and is therefore a safeguard mechanism against unlimited cell proliferation. Recent studies demonstrated that oncogene-induced senescence could prevent neoplastic transformation in vitro and in vivo, and oncogene might cause tumors only in senescence deficient cells. Although the mechanism of the cellular senescence has not been completely illustrated, activation of p16INK4a-RB and ARF-p53 pathways has been implicated in this process. Further investigation of the signaling pathways leading to senescence may offer new avenues for tumor treatment.

Application of robotic surgery in Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery

Yan-yan NIU; Xing-ming CHEN; Zhi-qiang GAO

2008, 28(5): 523-525.

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Robotic Surgery is a novel minimally invasive surgery which is advanced from the endoscopic surgical techniques. This new technique has a promising future to be applied in clinics because of the distinct and compelling advantages compared with the traditional endoscopic surgery, including true three-dimensional endoscopic vision, increased freedom of movement of instruments and tremor filtration. We review the potential applications, advantages, limitations of the da Vinci Surgical System in otolaryngology.

Psycho-social education in long-term medical education program in China

Hong-yu YAN; Qin ZHANG

2008, 28(5): 526-528.

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The requirement for HCWs grows with the transfer of medical care model and increasing expectation of social population. This paper reviews the Psycho-social education in PUMC for 90 years and creates potential strategies for the Psycho-social education in long-term medical education program in China.

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