Abstract: Object：To analyze the clinical manifestations and the criteria for the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 36 cases of POEMS syndrome were retrospectively reviewed and compared with literature. Results: Besides of the typical characteristics of polyneuropathy (100%), organomegaly (92%), endocrinopathy (86%), monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder (100%) and skin changes (86%), the patients of POEMS syndrome also have other important features, including extravascular volume overload (97%), papilledema (57%) and bone lesions (25%). Furthermore, 25% of POEMS syndrome patients have co-existent Castleman disease. Conclusions: To make the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome, major and minor criteria should be required. The former includes polyneuropathy and monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder and the latter includes osteosclerotic bone lesions, Castleman disease, papilledema, organomegaly, edema or serous cavity effusion, endocrinopathy and skin changes.