Abstract: The virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR)-based simulators have been used to learn ocular anatomy, ophthalmic examinations and surgery procedures. Students can easily understand complex concepts and receive knowledge transfered through observation, imitation and participation. Most researches showed that these new tools improved learning efficiency, assist developing skills and improved the safety of surgical practice in early careerhood, shedding light on reformation in ophthalmology education and teaching.

Key words: virtual reality, augmented reality, ophthalmology teaching, surgical simulator