Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological status of abnormal hemoglobin disease endemic in Yunnan minority and premarital population. Methods There were tested for blood analysis, Hb electrophoresis and other laboratory tests, who 14 088 Children of 15 ethnic minorities and Han children in 22 counties and 10 cities in Yunnan ,and who People of childbearing age of 21 317 in 2012-2014.Results There weredetected abnormal Hb in 7 of the 10 states and municipalities , and 21 of the 26 ethnic groups detected abnormal Hb.Abnormal Hb is widely distributed among different ethnic groups, and there are ethnic differences：there weredifferent of ethnic groups in the same region , and the same people in different regions .Conclusions Abnormal hemoglobin has obvious genetic polymorphismsin Yunnan.The reason is mainly related to the special geographical location of Yunnan Province.The survey provided valuable basic information for the genetic consultation and prevention and control of hemoglobin in Yunnan minority nationalities.