Abstract: Abstract：Objective To analyze the predictors of biochemical outcome of localized prostate cancer after brachytherapy in conjunction with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Methods Clinical and pathologic data from 50 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent neoadjuvant hormonal therapy followed by brachytherapy are retrospectively reviewed，including Gleason score，TNM clinical stage，risk level，pre and after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy PSA level PSA1，PSA2，percentage of positive biopsy PPB1 and PPB2. Results TNM clinical stage，risk level，PSA1， PPB1 and PPB2 are significantly associated with biochemical failure，while Gleason score and PSA2 are not. Conclusion TNM clinical stage，risk level，PSA1， PPB1 and PPB2 can be used as predictors of biochemical failure of localized prostate cancer after brachytherapy in conjunction with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy.

Key words: brachytherapy，neoadjuvant hormonal therapy，biochemical failure