Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a serious complication of pregnancy, had an effect on maternal and fetal health and the prevalence of GDM is increasing all over the world. However, the pathogenesis of GDM is still largely unknown. The research indicated that genetic factors had an important role in the etiology of GDM. Therefore, identification of the underlying genetic causes of GDM will eventually provide a basis for the early diagnosis and individualized treatment.