OBJECTIVE To investigate the current research status and trends of gut microbiota in diabetes both domestically and internationally, thereby providing a reference for advancing related studies. METHODS By systematically retrieving literature on diabetes and gut microbiota published in the Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from 2000 to 2024, visual analyses were performed using specialized tools to examine the number of publications, authors, institutions, journals, citation frequencies, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 1 514 Chinese and 2 780 English articles were retrieved. Since 2010, the number of published articles has shown an upward trend. Domestically and internationally, high-impact journals include the Chinese Journal of Microecology and Nutrients, respectively. High-frequency keywords revealed key areas such as metabolomics, insulin resistance, and bifidobacteria (Chinese), research hotspots including diabetic nephropathy, intestinal nitrogen homeostasis disorder, and probiotic supplementation (English). Future research will focus on specific strains, metabolites, and traditional Chinese medicine therapies. CONCLUSION Significant progress has been made in the study of gut microbiota and diabetes; however, disparities between domestic and international research remain. In the future, efforts should be directed toward deepening mechanistic research, enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration, and promoting clinical translation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the toxic mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii tablet(TWT) causing male mice reproductive damage and to identify detoxification targets. METHODS TWT was used to induce reproductive injury in mice. Metagenomic and metabolomics analysis were employed to perform differential analysis and functional analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites, aiming to identify the causative strains and metabolic pathways for reproductive injury, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which the microbiota and metabolites affect reproductive injury. RESULTS TWT significantly reduced the testicular index and sperm count in mice, leading to oxidative stress in testicular tissues. And TWT disrupted the gut microbiota and testicular metabolism. Supplementation with exogenous indole-3-lactic acid and Lactobacillus reuteri could regulate oxidative stress and improve testicular damage induced by TWT. CONCLUSION TWT cause reproductive damage by disrupting the gut microbiota and testicular metabolism. Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, improve male mice reproductive damage induced by TWHF tablets by regulating oxidative stress in testicular tissues.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sex-specific effects of icariin on gut microbiota in aged mice and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms on microbial diversity, community structure, and metabolic functions. METHODS Young(2-month-old) and aged(24-month-old) male/female C57BL/6J mice were orally administered icariin(100 mg·kg·d^-1) or saline for 14 days. Gut microbiota profiles were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolic pathways were predicted using KEGG annotation. RESULTS Icariin significantly increased α-diversity in aged mice(Chao1 index: +25%, P<0.05) and shifted β-diversity toward a younger-like pattern. At the phylum level, icariin reduced Bacteroidetes abundance while increasing Firmicutes(F/B ratio restored to youthful levels). Notably, Akkermansiaceae was enriched in aged female mice(4.1-fold). KEGG analysis revealed enhanced glucose metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism(3.2-fold upregulation in females). CONCLUSION Icariin ameliorates age-related gut dysbiosis in a sex-dependent manner, highlighting its potential for gender-tailored anti-aging interventions in traditional Chinese medicine.